Heat Transfer How Heat Moves
Temperature How we measure the hotness or coldness of something
Temperature is actually more than that It is how we measure the kinetic energy of an object or substance
Kinetic Energy The energy of motion
In this case, it is the energy of moving particles (atoms or molecules)
Particles are always moving Moving particles have kinetic energy
Faster moving particles have more energy Faster moving particles have a higher temperature
Even an object that is sitting still has kinetic energy because it’s particles are moving
So…. heat is what happens when kinetic energy moves from an object or substance with one temperature to an object with a different (lower) temperature.
Heat transfer (movement) occurs in three ways Conduction Convection Radiation
No matter which way the heat moves - It always moves from high heat to low heat
Conduction When two objects or substances of different temperatures are in direct contact
The heat energy moves out of the warmer object or substance and into the cooler one
The heat energy moves until both objects are the same temperature
Radiation Occurs when heat energy moves through space
Heat energy from the Sun travels through space to reach the Earth and warm it. incoming solar radiation
Convection Occurs in fluids
Fluids can be liquids or gases They have no definite shape and can flow
Warm fluids move into an area that is cooler Warm fluids move into an area that is cooler. The warm fluid loses heat to the cooler area. As the fluid loses heat, it becomes denser and sinks.
When particles get hotter, they gain energy When particles get hotter, they gain energy. This makes the particles move further apart and decreases their density.
Adding energy can change a state of matter
Big Science Ideas All matter is made of particles (atoms & molecules) The particles are in motion (kinetic energy) The moving particles cause heat Heat moves from warm to cool Conduction occurs heat moves from one material to another Radiation occurs when heat moves through space Convection occurs when a fluid moves heat from one place to another
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