Glencoe Chapter 15 : Sections 1 & 2: Energy.

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Presentation transcript:

Glencoe Chapter 15 : Sections 1 & 2: Energy

Section One Heat – the energy transferred between objects that are at different temperatures. Energy always flows from an area of high energy to an area of low energy.

Energy is measured in the SI unit joules (J). Calories and British Thermal Unit (BTU) are also used to measure energy. Temperature – the measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object. Temperature is an intensive property.

Heat is an extensive property. Enthalpy (H) – is the sum of the internal energy of a system plus the product of the system’s volume multiplied by the pressure that the system exerts on its surroundings. What is the relationship between Enthalpy and average kinetic energy of the particles inside of it?

Molar heat capacity C measured in J/K • mol or J/ºC • mol What are the Minimum average and total kinetic energies of the particles at absolute zero 0.00 K? Molar heat capacity C measured in J/K • mol or J/ºC • mol q = heat n = moles of a substance ΔT = change in temperature q = n C ΔT heat = (amount in moles)(molar heat capacity)(change in temperature)

Table 15.2 on Page 520 Molar Heat Capacity vs. Specific Heat specific heat Cp of a substance is the energy needed to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by one kelvin. Molar heat capacity is related to the number of moles of a substance.

M (g/mol) * Cp (J/K • g) = C (J/K • mol) (molar mass)(specific heat) = molar heat capacity M (g/mol) * Cp (J/K • g) = C (J/K • mol) The higher the temperature the higher the enthalpy and the higher the kinetic energy of the particles.

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