Texas History     Missions and Friars

Vocabulary- Copy to your notes  Conquistador- a Spanish-explorer who sought personal riches and power, as well as, wealth and glory for Spain, in the conquest of the Americas. Convert- a person who has been persuaded to change their religious faith or other beliefs. Viceroy- an official who rules in the name of the king or queen. Expedition- a journey or voyage undertaken by a group of people with a particular purpose especially that of exploration, scientific research, or war. Colony/Colonist- a country or area under the full or partial political control of another country, typically a distant one, and occupied by settlers from that country. Detachment-  a small unit of military force Columbian Exchange- was the widespread transfer of plants, animals, culture, human populations, technology, and ideas between the Americas and Europe.

Friars Fray Damian Massanet 1. In 1690-Alonso De Leon and Massanet were sent with several priests, and about 100 soldiers to colonize East Texas 2. Led expeditions to remove the French and establish Spanish missions 3. Established first mission in East Texas- San Francisco de los Tejas to convert the Caddo’s to Christianity 4. Resulted in many missions in East Texas even though they were failures.

Friars Francisco Hidalgo (1659-1726) 1. Nuestro Padre San Francisco de los Tejas Mission was set up and Hidalgo was in charge 2.He tried to reestablish missions in East Texas, among the Caddo Indians Contacted French Catholic priest to provide religious services to the local native people when the Spanish weren’t available. 3. Caused the Spanish to be suspicious of French Colonization

Friars 1. Spanish Franciscan priest . Antonio Margil de Jesus (1657-1726) 1. Spanish Franciscan priest . 2. Founded several missions in East Texas including Nuestra Senora de los Dolores and San Miguel de los Adaes 3. Due to the problems in east Texas, he moved to San Antonio and founded San Jose y San Miguel de Aguayo, one of the five missions in San Antonio today.

Spanish Missions in Texas The Most Successful of all the Spanish Mission were located in the San Antonio Area.

Friar’s A major goal of the Spanish missions in Texas was to teach Christianity and hold onto Spanish Land. Missions taught -Agriculture -Ranching -Language -Writing -Construction with tools

Missions Corpus Christi de la Ysleta 1. 1682 - First mission in Texas 2. Near present day El Paso

Missions Mission San José The “Queen of the Missions,” is the largest mission in San Antonio, established in 1720 and completed in 1782. Spanish designers, directing workers from the local Coahuiltecan tribe, built the mission. At its height, it provided sanctuary and a social and cultural community for more than 300 Indians, and was surrounded by acres of fields and livestock herds.

Missions Mission Concepción The beautiful church at Mission Nuestra Señora de la Purisima Concepción de Acuña looks much like it did in 1755 The church’s exterior was originally decorated with geometric designs painted on the façade and iron crosses and weather vanes were placed atop the two towers. The church stands as the oldest unrestored stone church in the U.S.

Missions Mission San Juan Capistrano Was established in San Antonio in 1731. The church, priest’s quarters and granary were completed in 1756. The mission’s fertile farmlands allowed for a self-sustainable community, and its surplus helped supply the region with produce. The chapel and bell tower are still in use. Abandoned in 1786 when the mission’s population declined.

Missions Mission Espada the southernmost of the four in the park, contains the best-preserved segment of the acequia (irrigation system) that was used to bring water to the fields. Today, part of the acequia operates the Espada aqueduct and dam. The mission was established in San Antonio in 1731. The priest’s residence was completed in 1745 and the church in 1756. A fire in 1826 destroyed most of the mission buildings at Espada, with only the chapel, granary and two of the compound walls remaining.

Missions Mission San Antonio de Valero (Alamo) 1. Built in 1718 2. Located half way between the Rio Grande and East Texas 3. Offered abundant water supply, fish, favorable settlement, and pleasant location.

Missions 4. Legally dissolved by the Spanish in 1793 5. Distributed ownership of its land and buildings. (secularized)

2 The settlers couldn’t wait for Spain to direct them. Trouble in New Spain The settlers felt that the king lived too far away to truly understand their needs As the small colonies grew into towns, the settlers worked together to solve their own problems. 2 The settlers couldn’t wait for Spain to direct them. 3. Colonists Grow Unhappy with Spain

Francisco Hidalgo Father Hidalgo sees that the Spanish are given better jobs to Spaniards and not their natives. Issues a call for natives to stand up and fight for their independence. On September 16, 1810, Father Hidalgo gave a speech titled “Grito de Dolores”. In the speech, Hidalgo called for Mexican citizens to rise up and fight for independence.

Jose Gutierrez de Lara Leader of the Mexican Republican Army of the North and opposed Spanish rule Joined Agustus Magee and his men, which became know as the Guiterrez-Magee expedition Gathered a force on Galveston Island Supported several filibuster expeditions He was the first governor of Mexican Texas

Battle of Medina Fought August 1813, along the Medina river south of San Antonio between the republican forces of the Gutierrez-Magee expedition and the Spanish royalist army. The Gutierrez-Magee army lost miserably, but it encouraged others to participate in the revolution. First time Santa Anna experience in fighting and execution of prisoners in Texas

Independence In 1821 Mexico gains its independence from Spain