Safety and immunogenicity of subcutaneous or intramuscular administration of a monovalent inactivated vaccine against Leptospira interrogans serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae in healthy volunteers  H. Laurichesse, F. Gourdon, H.L. Smits, T.H. Abdoe, J.M. Estavoyer, H. Rebika, P. Pouliquen, P. Catalina, C. Dubray, J. Beytout  Clinical Microbiology and Infection  Volume 13, Issue 4, Pages 395-403 (April 2007) DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2007.01662.x Copyright © 2007 European Society of Clinical Infectious Diseases Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Overview of double-blind study of local and systemic tolerance and immunogenicity following subcutaneous (SC) and intramuscular (IM) injection of inactivated anti-leptospiral vaccine in healthy volunteers in four randomised parallel groups (SC vaccine, IM vaccine, SC placebo, and IM placebo). D, day; W, week; M, month. Clinical Microbiology and Infection 2007 13, 395-403DOI: (10.1111/j.1469-0691.2007.01662.x) Copyright © 2007 European Society of Clinical Infectious Diseases Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Kinetics of anti-Leptospira interrogans serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae antibody responses (IgG, IgM and agglutinating antibodies) following successive injections of anti-leptospire vaccine. Volunteers were injected subcutaneously or intramuscularly with inactivated and purified leptospires (2 × 108 L. interogans serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae) or placebo: day 0, day 14, month 6 and month 30 (vertical arrows). Specific IgM (upper panel) and IgG (middle panel), measured by ELISA, are expressed as mean OD450 nm values relative to cut-off values of 0.207 and 0.071, respectively. Agglutinating antibodies were measured using the microscopic agglutination test (MAT; lower panel) and their cut-off level was taken to be 1:20, with a reciprocal titre ≥20 being considered positive. (*p <0.05, SC vs. IM routes). SC, subcutaneous; IM, intramuscular; OD, optical density. Clinical Microbiology and Infection 2007 13, 395-403DOI: (10.1111/j.1469-0691.2007.01662.x) Copyright © 2007 European Society of Clinical Infectious Diseases Terms and Conditions