Accessory Digestive Organs

Accessory Digestive Organs Assists Alimentary Canal in digestive process Includes… Salivary glands Teeth Pancreas Liver Gallbladder

Pancreas Gland that produces a wide spectrum of digestive enzymes that break down all categories of food Enzymes are secreted into the duodenum (first part of small intestine) Alkaline (basic) fluid introduced with enzymes neutralizes acidic chyme Endocrine products of pancreas include: Insulin Glucagons (we’ll talk about these with the endocrine system!!!)

Digestion The entire process of digestion can take anywhere from 16-48 hours Most of this time will be spent in the large intestine Ingestion of approximately 2000 mL of food & drink will result in the defecation of approximately 150 mL of feces

Absorption of water and nutrients (goblet cells) Absorption of water

Chemical Digestion: Carbohydrates Break down into simple sugars (monosaccharides, such as glucose) Remember, carbs are polysaccharides! Digestion: In Mouth: salivary amylase digests starches In Small Intestine: Pancreatic enzymes, and additional secretions from walls of small intestine continue breakdown

Chemical Digestion: Proteins Break down into amino acids Digestion: In Stomach: HCl causes proteins to denature (untangle), Pepsin begins breakdown process In Small Intestine: Pancreatic enzymes continue breakdown

Chemical Digestion: Fats Broken down into fatty acids and glycerol Digestion: In Small Intestine: Bile salts help to emulsify large fats, Pancreatic enzymes breaks down the fats into smaller components

Chemical Digestion: Fats

Role of Bacteria The bacterial flora of the large intestine consist of: Bacteria surviving the small intestine that enter the cecum and Those entering via the anus These bacteria: Colonize the colon Ferment indigestible carbohydrates Release gases (flatus – methane and hydrogen sulfide) Synthesize vitamins B and K

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