HIV/AIDS Training for Health Facility Employees Based on KNOW Curriculum from the Washington State Department of Health Edition 7- December 2014 revised and edited by Janee Moore MPH, Luke Syphard MPH, and David Heal MSW

Etiology and Epidemiology Section One

Definitions of HIV and AIDS Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Attacks and damages immune system Damages body’s ability to fight diseases and infections Can lead to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Condition caused by advanced stages of HIV infection Not hereditary – HIV must enter bloodstream to infect someone Damaged immune system increases vulnerability to diseases

Stages of HIV Stage 0 Negative HIV test within 6 months of the first HIV infection diagnosis Stage 1 For persons aged: Less than 1 year with a CD4+ (T-cell) count ≥1,500 1-5 years with a CD4+ count ≥ 1,000 6 years through adult with a CD4+ count ≥500 Stage 2 Less than 1 year with a CD4+ count 750-1,499 1-5 years with a CD4+ count 500-999 6 years through adult with a CD4+ count 200-499 Stage 3 More commonly referred to AIDS less than 1 year with a CD4+ count < 500 1-5 years with a CD4+ count < 500 6 years through adult with a CD4+ count < 200

How HIV Works in the Body T-Helper Lymphocyte (T4 Cell) Essential for regulating immune response to disease-causing organisms (bacteria or viruses). Targeted and destroyed by HIV, causing insufficient antibodies to fight the infection http://www.cabsa.org.za/How-HIV-Infects-Body-and-Lifecycle-HIV-52016 Source: http://www.cabsa.org.za/How-HIV-Infects-Body-and-Lifecycle-HIV-52016. Accessed: July 16, 2018.

How HIV Works in the Body Primary or Acute HIV Infection First stage of infection when virus first establishes itself in the body Window Period Period of time between first infection and when HIV antibodies can be detected through and HIV test Asymptomatic Stage HIV virus is replicating and destroying T4 Cells

The Origin of HIV 1983: HIV discovered 1999: Subspecies of chimpanzees native to west equatorial Africa identified as original source of the HIV-1 virus Transmission through migration, housing, travel, sexual practices, drug use, warfare

Epidemiology of HIV and AIDS 1981: AIDS first recognized in United States 1982: First reported case of AIDS in Washington State U.S. Centers for Disease and Prevention (CDC) estimates that in the U.S… 25% of people carrying HIV are unaware 50,000 persons become newly infected each year In 2010 about 15,500 people with AIDS died Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is the recommended treatment Prevents HIV from multiplying and destroying T-Helper Lymphocytes (T4 Cell)

HIV and AIDS Case Reporting Purpose of disease reporting: Collect information about infected people Learn how to create disease prevention programs Assure those infected are directed toward medical care Identify those infected, and try to stop spread of infection

HIV and AIDS Case Reporting The following people must report HIV and AIDS cases to authorities Health care providers Hospitals and other health care facilities Laboratories Local health jurisdictions Confidentiality State laws protect the identity of persons reported with HIV and AIDS