Flow of Matter (2.3) State Standard SB4B. Explain the flow of matter and energy through ecosystems by Explaining the need for cycling of major nutrients (C, O, H, N, P).

CYCLES IN THE BIOSHPHERE Chapter 2 Principles of Ecology 2.3 Cycling of Matter CYCLES IN THE BIOSHPHERE Energy is transformed into __________ forms to support the functions of an ecosystem. There must be a constant ____________. The cycling of ____________ in the biosphere involves both ____________ in living organisms and physical ____________ found in the environment such as weathering.

Chapter 2 Principles of Ecology 2.3 Cycling of Matter THE WATER CYCLE

Freshwater constitutes only about _____ percent of all water on Earth. Chapter 2 Principles of Ecology 2.3 Cycling of Matter THE WATER CYCLE CONT’D Approximately 90 percent of water vapor ____________ from oceans, lakes, and rivers; 10 percent evaporates from the surface of plants through a process called ____________. Freshwater constitutes only about _____ percent of all water on Earth. About 69 percent of all freshwater is found in ice caps and ____________.

THE CARBON & OXYGEN CYCLES Chapter 2 Principles of Ecology 2.3 Cycling of Matter THE CARBON & OXYGEN CYCLES

Carbon and oxygen often make up molecules ____________ for life. Chapter 2 Principles of Ecology 2.3 Cycling of Matter THE CARBON & OXYGEN CYCLES CONT’D Carbon and oxygen often make up molecules ____________ for life. Carbon and oxygen recycle relatively ____________ through living organisms. The carbon & oxygen cycles are closely ____________.

Carbon has both ______ & ______-term cycles. Long-term Cycle Chapter 2 Principles of Ecology 2.3 Cycling of Matter THE CARBON & OXYGEN CYCLES CONT’D Carbon has both ______ & ______-term cycles. Long-term Cycle Organic matter converted to peat, coal, oil, or gas deposits (_______ fuels) – involves C only Calcium carbonate (limestone) – involves C&O Short-term Cycle Photsynthesis/Cellular Respiration (C&O) ____________ fossil fuels - involves C only

Nitrogen ______ ____ have a long-term cycle! Chapter 2 Principles of Ecology 2.3 Cycling of Matter THE NITROGEN CYCLE Nitrogen ______ ____ have a long-term cycle! The capture and conversion of nitrogen into a form that is ____________ by plants is called nitrogen ____________.

Chapter 2 Principles of Ecology 2.3 Cycling of Matter THE NITROGEN CYCLE CONT’D Nitrogen enters the food web when plants ____________ nitrogen compounds from soil. Consumers get nitrogen by ____________ plants or animals that contain nitrogen.

Nitrogen is ____________ to the soil in several ways: Chapter 2 Principles of Ecology 2.3 Cycling of Matter THE NITROGEN CYCLE CONT’D Nitrogen is ____________ to the soil in several ways: Animals ____________. Organisms ________. Organisms convert ____________ into nitrogen compounds. Denitrification

THE PHOSPHOROUS CYCLE CONT’D Chapter 2 Principles of Ecology 2.3 Cycling of Matter THE PHOSPHOROUS CYCLE CONT’D

Chapter 2 Principles of Ecology 2.3 Cycling of Matter THE PHOSPHOROUS CYCLE CONT’D Phosporous has both long & short-term cycles. Short-term Cycle Phosphorus is cycled from the ______ to ____________ and then from the producers to ____________. Long-term Cycle ____________ or erosion of rocks that contain phosphorus slowly adds phosphorus to the cycle.

SUMMARY 1 Biogeochemical cycles include the ____________ of important elements between the abiotic & biotic parts of an ecosystem. The carbon & oxygen cycles are closely ____________.

SUMMARY 2 Nitrogen gas is ____________ in its ability to enter ____________ portions of the environment. ____________ & ____________ are the only 2 that have short-term & long-term cycles.