Macromolecule Notes Biology Notes SB1c

Macromolecule Notes Macromolecules are large carbon based molecules needed by living organisms to help maintain homeostasis (internal balance). There are four types of macromolecules: Carbohydrates (Sugars) Lipids (Fats) Proteins (Enzymes) Nucleic Acids (DNA/RNA)

Macromolecule Notes All of the macromolecules contain carbon. Carbon is the basis of all life as we know it. In fact, the term “organic” in science is in regards to the element carbon. Carbon can form a variety of chemical bonds with other elements (H, N, O, P, & S) and other carbon atoms.

Macromolecules Functions Monomers (Lego block) Polymers Examples Carbohydrates Provide quick energy. Organisms first energy source These are your sugars Glucose, monosaccharide. (Single sugar) Glycogen, cellulose, starch, polysaccharide Sugar, rice, breads, syrups, candies, soda, cookies, cakes, flour, potatoes Lipids Long term energy storage. They also make up the cell membrane of all cells Fatty acid, glycerol Fats, oils, and waxes Saturated & unsaturated fats, oils, waxes, act as a insulator (warmth) Proteins Structural molecules, used for growth and repair. They are also enzymes. Amino acids Enzymes, polypeptide chain Aids in bodily functions, meats, enzyme activity, hair, nails, transportation, communication, Nucleic Acids Store and transmit genetic information Nucleotides P- Phosphate B-Base S- Sugar DNA/RNA DNA, RNA

Macromolecule Sketch: Carbohydrate

Macromolecule Sketch: Fatty Acid

Macromolecule Sketch: Amino Acid

Macromolecule Sketch: Nucleotide