Notes- Covalent Bonds 9/24/18

2 Types of Forces Intramolecular Force (stronger) holds elements together to make compounds, ex.)Ionic and Covalent Intermolecular Force (weaker) holds molecules together to form solids, liquids, and gases, ex.)Hydrogen bond.

COVALENT BOND bond formed by the sharing of electrons between two nonmetals.

2 Types of Covalent Bonds Polar Covalent Bond – electrons are unevenly shared Nonpolar Covalent Bond – electrons are evenly shared (diatomics)

Non PolarCovalent Bonds Equal Sharing of electrons H-H

O O N N DOUBLE bond TRIPLE bond atoms that share two e- pairs (4 e-) atoms that share three e- pairs (6 e-) N N

when electrons are shared but shared unequally POLAR COVALENT BONDS when electrons are shared but shared unequally H2O

- water is a polar molecule because electrons are pulled closer to oxygen.

Water is a bent molecule H H

Intermolecular Forces:holds molecules together, weaker force EX.)Hydrogen Bond – when H bonds to N, O, or F of another molecule Important in DNA (genetic material), proteins, and water molecules

Hydrogen “Bonding” Strong polar attraction Like magnets Occurs ONLY between H of one molecule and N, O, F of another H “bond”

Intermolecular Force – between different molecules Example: an interstate highway runs between different states

Covalent bond Hydrogen bond

Water

Nomenclature-naming covalent Compounds