Increasing Research Impact Through Open Access Publishing Jack Young • Health Sciences Library • jkyoung@mcmaster.ca

What is Impact? How your research is utilized… Societal Impact Economic Impact Technological Impact Academic Impact

How Is Impact Measured? Impact is measured through indicators… Peer/Expert Review E.g. Awards Received Output-Based E.g. Number of Publications; Funding Awarded Use-Based E.g. Citations; Mentions; Downloads

How is Impact Tracked? Citations Media Coverage Downloads/Views Citation indexing databases (e.g. Web of Science) Media Coverage Altmetric aggregators (e.g. AltMetric) Downloads/Views Databases, journal websites, etc. You don’t want your impact to be negatively affected by your decision to publish openly

Open Access Impact Advantage Page Views Wang, X., Liu, C., Mao, W., & Fang Z. (2015). The open access advantage considering citation, article usage and social media attention. Scientometrics, 103(2), 555-564. 1761 Nature Communications articles (2012-2013) 587 OA vs. 1174 Subscription There are, in fact, people who don’t have subscriptions who are interested in the research being published.

Open Access Impact Advantage Downloads “Open Access articles garnered 89% more full text downloads than their subscription-based counterparts in the first 6 months of publication." Davis, P. M., Lewenstein, B. V., Simon, D. H., Booth, J. G., & Connolly, M. J. (2008). Open access publishing, article downloads, and citations: randomised controlled trial. BMj, 337, a568. 11 Journals 1619 articles

Open Access Impact Advantage Twitter Mentions Adie, E. (23 October, 2014). Attention! A study of open access vs. non-open access articles. Altmetric Blog. Retrieved from: https://www.altmetric.com/blog/attentionoa/ Nature Communications Driving more and more eyes to your research – giving you more and more opportunities to be cited. Conducting great research isn’t’ always enough to ensure it get’s read.

Open Access Impact Advantage Citations Studies assessing the citation advantage of open access publications: Total Studies Citation Advantage No Citation Advantage Inconclusive 70 46 17 7 SPARC Europe. (2015). The Open Access Citation Advantage Service. Retrieved from: https://sparceurope.org/what-we-do/open-access/sparc-europe-open-access-resources/open-access-citation-advantage-service-oaca/

Open Access Impact Advantage Citations McKiernan, E.C., Bourne, P.E., Brown, C.T., Buck, S., Kenall, A., Lin, J…Yarkoni, T. (2016). Point of view: How open science helps researchers succeed. Elife, July 7, 2016.

Open Access Impact Advantage Limitations Self Selection Bias Authors may choose to make their best, or most broadly relevant, articles open access. Context Dependent Citation rates and citation advantages vary greatly across disciplines. Comparison/Control Groups Defining a valid comparison/control group can be difficult. Different publications have different reach.

Increasing Your Impact What can you do? 1) Identify High Quality Journals Directory of Open Access Journals Ulrich’s Web (Peer Review & Indexing) Journal Citation Reports (Impact Factor) 2) Explore Open Options “For Authors” Sections of Journal Websites SHERPA/RoMEO (Database of Archiving Policies) 3) Archive Your Work MacSphere (McMaster Institutional Repository) Subject Repositories (e.g. arXiv) 4) Promote Your Work ResearchGate Academia.edu Twitter There are a lot of ways to make your work open.

Further Reading Kiernan, V. (2003). Diffusion of news about research. Science Communication, 25(1), 3-13. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1177/1075547003255297 OpCit Project. (2013). The effect of open access and downloads ('hits') on citation impact: a bibliography of studies. Retrieved from: http://opcit.eprints.org/oacitation-biblio.html Ottaviani, J. (2016). The Post-Embargo Open Access Citation Advantage: It Exists (Probably), It’s Modest (Usually), and the Rich Get Richer (of Course). PLOS ONE, 11(8), e0159614. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0159614 McMaster University Library. (2018). Open Access [website]. Retrieved from: https://library.mcmaster.ca/research/open-access

Increasing Research Impact Through Open Access Publishing Jack Young • Health Sciences Library • jkyoung@mcmaster.ca