Biology EOC Review: Unit 3 The Cell
Key Concepts: Cell Theory Things to Remember: Theories are explanations and laws are descriptions Cell Theory has three parts Cells are the basic unit of life. All living things are made of cells. Cells can only come from other cells.
Key Concepts: Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote Things to Remember: Prokaryotic cells do NOT have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles. Remember, PRO = NO! Eukaryotic cells DO have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Remember, EU = DO!
Key Concepts: Organelles Things to Remember: Cells have small internal parts that do specific jobs. They are called ORGANELLES. Examples of organelles are the nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, ribosomes, Golgi apparatus, and endoplasmic reticulum. It is important to remember the job each organelle does! MAKE FLASHCARDS!!!
Key Concepts: Organelles Function Plant Cell, Animal Cell, or Both Cytoskeleton The framework of the cell, provides shape, support, and structure Both Nucleus Stores and protects the DNA Endoplasmic Reticulum Produces proteins and other molecules Ribosomes Links amino acids together to form proteins Golgi apparatus Changes and packages proteins, then transports them to different places in the cell Vesicles Small sacs that carry different molecules Mitochondria The powerhouse of the cell; produced chemical energy (ATP) usable by the cell via cellular respiration Vacuoles Sacs of fluid that store materials in the cell Both (Central vacuole is plants only) Lysosomes Contains enzymes, protects a cell by attacking incoming bacteria, and breaks down old cell parts Animal Cell Wall A strong, rigid layer that protects the cell Plant Chloroplasts Carries out photosynthesis Cell Membrane Thin layer that separates the inside of the cell from the outside of the cell, controls what goes in and out of the cell.
Key Concepts: Organelles Things to Remember: The CELL MEMBRANE is made up of phospholipids. It has protein channels that allow big molecules to pass through. Things can enter 1 of 2 ways: Passive transport – does not use energy (from high to low) Active transport – does use energy (from low to high)
Key Concepts: Cell Functions Things to Remember: Cells get energy through either photosynthesis or cellular respiration. Plants do both processes. Animals only do cellular respiration. Photosynthesis: 6CO2 + 6 H20 + light C6H12O6 + 6O2 Cellular Respiration: C6H12O6 + 6O2 ATP + 6H20 + 6CO2 The products of one are the reactants of the other.
Key Concepts: Cell Division Things to Remember: All cells come from other cells. 2 identical body cells are produced by mitosis. 4 unique sex cells are produced by meiosis. Mitosis has 4 steps – remember PMAT!
More Review Visual and Auditory Learner (Learn by Watching/Listening): Our Favorite Cell Video: Inside the Cell YouTube: Structure of Cells YouTube: Amoeba Sisters – Mitosis YouTube: Amoeba Sisters – Photosynthesis YouTube: Amoeba Sisters – Cellular Respiration Kinesthetic Learners (Learn by Doing): Anatomy of a Cell Interactive Cell Organelle Memory Match