The United States Under the Articles of Confederation LEQ#1- What are the provisions of the AOC?

The Articles of Confederation Nov. 1777: Continental Congress adopted the first framework for a federal government The Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union organized the 13 former colonies into a loose Union under the central authority of Congress

Weak Federal Government The Articles deliberately left the central government very weak; states feared that a strong central government would become tyrannical Without a strong federal government, however, creating a “United States” proved difficult

How the Government Operated Each state selected 3 – 7 Congressional representatives each (although each state only received one vote in Congress) Once a year those representatives were sent to serve in the capital of Philadelphia The government had no legislative or judicial branches – Congress was the government

Powers of Congress The Confederation Congress had the right to declare war and sign treaties with foreign powers; they also served to resolve disputes between states The Confederation Congress could NOT levy taxes or put any restrictions on trade

Land = Revenue In order to generate revenue, Congress could only sell unsettled lands west of the Appalachians (which the 13 states had ceded to the central government as part of ratification of the Articles) In order to sell these lands, however, Congress first had to survey and map it and then find settlers interested in buying tracts To encourage settlement, the Congress had to also figure out a way to govern the region

The Northwest Ordinance 1787: Congress passed the Northwest Ordinance, which laid out a plan for organizing and governing the Northwest Territory (modern Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan & Wisconsin, + part of Minnesota)

The Northwest Territory At first, Congress appointed a governor and other temporary officials to the Territory Once 5000 adult male citizens had settled in a territory, they could elect a legislature Once population reached 60,000 people, it could apply for full statehood 3. No Slavery of Religion

Protected Rights The Ordinance guaranteed freedom of religion, protection of property rights, and trial by jury It also banned slavery, reinforcing a trend of slavery in the South, but not in the North

Where did the AOC place most of its power Where did the AOC place most of its power? Give two examples from the chart. Why was the first government of the United States Set up this way?

LEQ- What were the provisions of the AOC? Directions- Please complete the following: A- Examine the AOC document and create a Graphic Organizer on the powers given to the state and national government and weakness. H- Examine the AOC and complete the exercise lesson II-4. You will have 15 minutes.

State Governments National Governments Taxation Create a state court system Enforce laws passed by Congress All powers not delegated to the national government Create militias Limited powers Declare war and wage war Make treaties Settle disputes between states Petition, or request, money from the states (but no power to collect) Direct the operations of land and naval forces.

Weakness National government can not impose or collect taxes No national currency No national court system No executive branch No power to regulate trade among states One vote per state regardless of population 2/3 majority (9/13 states) needed to pass laws Unanimous consent (13) needed to amend the AOC.

Honors Check Part #1- B, D, F, and J Part #2 Y #8 Y #9 Y#10 N #5 N # 9

AOC Discussion Questions Under the Articles of Confederation how did the national government fund its programs? What did the monetary system look like? How were national laws enforced? How were amendments to the Articles enacted? What was necessary to pass new laws? What was the role of the executive branch?

LEQ #2- What are the strengths and weakness of the AOC? (1st Block) Directions- Each group will be handed a set of case studies on the AOC. The group will complete the following: 1. Individually read your case study and complete GO. (10). 2. Collaborately explain and summarize your case studies to the group. (5) 3. Once each member have shared their GO and summarize their case study, all group members will fill in the AOC Case study Chart. (10)

Articles of Confederation Chart Case Study What Happened ? Summarize Was the National Government able to settle the Issue? Explain your answer. Settling the National Debt Pirates of North Africa Soldiers in the Time of Peace Western Lands

Articles of Confederation Chart Case Study What Happened ? Summarize Was the National Government able to settle the Issue? Explain your answer. Settling the National Debt National does not have power to tax. State collect taxes. Congress in debt after AR & cannot pay back loans. Sec. of Finance- Robert Morris proposed 5% tax on imports but 12/13 approved NO----- had no money due to its inability collect taxes and Needed all 13 states to approve. ( National vs. State) Pirates of North Africa Soldiers in the Time of Peace Western Lands

Articles of Confederation Chart Case Study What Happened ? Summarize Was the National Government able to settle the Issue? Explain your answer. Settling the National Debt Pirates of North Africa GB protected American merchants ships before AR. Now colonist independence, its their responsibility to deal with Pirates. 1785, 2 Americans captured by pirates and ransom was demanded. NO- no militia to protect American ships and no money to pay off ransom.--- Have to ask states for the money!! Soldiers in the Time of Peace Western Lands

Articles of Confederation Chart Case Study What Happened ? Summarize Was the National Government able to settle the Issue? Explain your answer. Settling the National Debt Pirates of North Africa Soldiers in the Time of Peace Army upset over not receiving service payment and bonuses after the war. Congress had no money and Troops threaten to form a coup and overthrow the gov’t. GW ended conflict. NO-lack of authority to maintain a standing army, no money to pay troops ( National vs. State) Western Lands

Case Study What Happened ? Summarize Was the National Government able to settle the Issue? Explain your answer. Settling the National Debt Pirates of North Africa Soldiers in the Time of Peace Western Lands AOC was delayed due to land claims in the Ohio River Valley territory. All states surrender land claims in 1781 and AOC was ratified. Land would be sold in townships. However, Squatters moved into land without legal ownership and Speculators claimed they purchased land. Lead to conflicts/violence over land YES-NW Ordinance– created system for surveying & selling land 5,0000 free males needed to have elect rep. 60,0000 population to apply for statehood No slavery and freedom of religion