The Circulatory System

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The Circulatory System
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Presentation transcript:

The Circulatory System

Function of the Circulatory System Transports materials such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, food molecules, and other materials to cells of the body. Regulates body temperature Carries white blood cells that protect the body from disease. Body temperature regulation – capillaries can grow/shrink beneath the surface of skin – allows more/less body heat to escape

The Blood Transports nearly everything in the body Made up of : Blood is the only liquid tissue Transports nearly everything in the body Made up of : 55% plasma (liquid) 45% cells (red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets [cell fragments]) ~5 L blood (10 pints?)

Blood Vessels The human body has about 60,000* miles of blood vessels inside of it... enough to circle the Earth two and a half times! One RBC travels 1,440 times through the body in one day. It will travel through multiple arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins. 60,000-100,000 miles of blood vessels (equator is 25,000 miles)

Blood Vessels Arteries: Carry blood away from the heart High pressure Elastic, muscular walls that enable them to expand and contract with surges of blood flow.

Blood Vessels Capillaries: Smallest of all blood vessels Only one cell thick! Where all diffusion takes place Blood moves slowly and loses its pressure. No cell of the body is more than a few cell diameters away from a capillary Loses pressure – capillaries have many branches, so capillaries have a greater capacity for blood than arterioles/venules

Blood Vessels Veins: Carry blood to the heart, No blood pressure Need valves so blood flows in one direction Blood returning to heart from capillaries extremely low, not enough to propel blood back to heart, so valves to help and contraction of muscles drives blood through Sometimes valves do not work properly and the result is a varicose vein. When valves do not work, blood tends to build up in the vein causing it to stretch and twist.

The Heart Atrium – upper chamber of heart that receives blood, pumps blood to the ventricle. Ventricle – lower chamber of heart that receives blood from atrium, pumps blood out of the heart. Contractions force blood through the vessels – 70 ml blood/contraction (a little more than ¼ cup ~2.36 oz), 72 pumps/min – in one year pumps more than enough blood to fill an olympic sized swimming pool (pool = 2mill L, heart: 2.6 mill L)

The Heart The right side of the heart pumps oxygen-poor blood The left side of the heart pumps oxygen-rich blood The left and right sides of the heart are separated by the septum, which prevents the oxygen-poor and oxygen-rich blood from mixing Contractions force blood through the vessels

Pathway of blood through the body – a summary: Right side of heart Lungs Left side of heart Body cells Pathway of blood through the body – in detail...

Deoxygenated blood from body tissues Vena cava  Right atrium Right ventricle  Pulmonary artery  LUNGS  Blood is now oxygenated Pulmonary vein  Left atrium  Left ventricle  Aorta  Body cells

Animations Heart Map

Pathway of Blood Through Heart

Heart Facts … your heart: The aorta, is almost the diameter of a garden hose. Capillaries, on the other hand, are so small that it takes ten of them to equal the thickness of a human hair. Your body has about 5.6 liters (6 quarts) of blood that circulates through the body 3X/minute. In one day, your blood travels a total of 12,000 miles-- that's four times the distance across the US from coast to coast. Is located almost in the center of the chest, between the lungs. Is about as big as two fists together Beats about 100,000 times in one day and about 35 million times in a year. During an average lifetime, the human heart will beat more than 2.5 billion times. Even at rest, the muscles of the heart work hard--twice as hard as the leg muscles of a person sprinting.