Agenda diēs Lunae, a.d. xv Kal. Oct. A.D. MMXVIII HW Check: review wksht. 4 Review Worksheet 3: Participles, Abl. Abs., & Dative Uses Review Worksheet 4: Infinitives & Indirect Statement (Gerunds, Gerundives, & Supines) Pensum: take notes on gerunds, gerundives, supine (blog) translate all example sentences throughout PPT keep studying vocab. list 1 Latin Prose Mr. Finnigan Boston Latin School

Infinitives & Ind. Statement Exercises Britannī certiōrēs factī sunt Caesarem Rōmānōsque ad litora pervenīre. Signō datō, Caesar intellexit proelium difficillimum futurum esse. Romā incensā, Nerō sperābat sē novam urbem in suō nomine conditūrum esse. Catilīna, proficiscēns cum exercitū Etruriam, Manlium vastāre finēs sociōrum Rōmānōrum iussit. Vercingetorix, omnīs rebus comparātis ad impetum faciendum, suās copiās egredī ex Alesiā coēgit.

Infinitives & Ind. Statement Exercises Cicerō Catilīnae dīxit necesse esse eī morī. Graecī Troiam oppugnāre magnā cum vī cōnstituērunt. “Tantae molis erat Rōmanam condere gentem!” Catilīna, cupiditāte rērum nōvārum adductus, interficere cōnsulem suōsque cīvēs conābātur. “Forsan et haec olim meminisse iuvābit.”

Gerunds

Gerunds – Basics & Forms like infinitives, gerunds are verbal nouns we translate them “________ing” gerunds only exist in the neut. sg., in all cases except for the nominative gerunds are formed like future passive participles, except they only have 4 endings: 1st & 2nd Conj.: pres. stem + –ndī, –ndō, –ndum, –ndō 3rd & 4th Conj.: pres. stem + –endī, –endō, –endum, –endō N.B.: the nom. does not exist because Latin already has a neut. sg. nom. verbal noun–the subj. infinitive

Gerunds – Forms & Translations nūntiō, nūntiāre, nūntiāvī, nūntiātus: to announce Forms Translations Nom. Gen. Dat. Acc. Abl.

Gerunds – Forms & Translations nūntiō, nūntiāre, nūntiāvī, nūntiātus: to announce Forms Translations Nom. -------- Gen. Dat. Acc. Abl.

Gerunds – Forms & Translations nūntiō, nūntiāre, nūntiāvī, nūntiātus: to announce Forms Translations Nom. -------- Gen. nūntiandī Dat. Acc. Abl.

Gerunds – Forms & Translations nūntiō, nūntiāre, nūntiāvī, nūntiātus: to announce Forms Translations Nom. -------- Gen. nūntiandī of announcing Dat. Acc. Abl.

Gerunds – Forms & Translations nūntiō, nūntiāre, nūntiāvī, nūntiātus: to announce Forms Translations Nom. -------- Gen. nūntiandī of announcing Dat. nūntiandō Acc. Abl.

Gerunds – Forms & Translations nūntiō, nūntiāre, nūntiāvī, nūntiātus: to announce Forms Translations Nom. -------- Gen. nūntiandī of announcing Dat. nūntiandō to/for announcing Acc. Abl.

Gerunds – Forms & Translations nūntiō, nūntiāre, nūntiāvī, nūntiātus: to announce Forms Translations Nom. -------- Gen. nūntiandī of announcing Dat. nūntiandō to/for announcing Acc. nūntiandum Abl.

Gerunds – Forms & Translations nūntiō, nūntiāre, nūntiāvī, nūntiātus: to announce Forms Translations Nom. -------- Gen. nūntiandī of announcing Dat. nūntiandō to/for announcing Acc. nūntiandum announcing Abl.

Gerunds – Forms & Translations nūntiō, nūntiāre, nūntiāvī, nūntiātus: to announce Forms Translations Nom. -------- Gen. nūntiandī of announcing Dat. nūntiandō to/for announcing Acc. nūntiandum announcing Abl.

Gerunds – Forms & Translations nūntiō, nūntiāre, nūntiāvī, nūntiātus: to announce Forms Translations Nom. -------- Gen. nūntiandī of announcing Dat. nūntiandō to/for announcing Acc. nūntiandum announcing Abl. bwf announcing

Gerunds – Forms & Translations habeō, habēre, habuī, habitus: to have, hold Forms Translations Nom. -------- Gen. habendī of having Dat. habendō to/for having Acc. habendum having Abl. bwf having

Gerunds – Forms & Translations dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductus: to lead Forms Translations Nom. -------- Gen. dūcendī of leading Dat. dūcendō to/for leading Acc. dūcendum leading Abl. bwf leading

Gerunds – Forms & Translations capiō, capere, cēpī, captus: to seize, take, capture Forms Translations Nom. -------- Gen. capiendī of seizing Dat. capiendō to/for seizing Acc. capiendum seizing Abl. bwf seizing

Gerunds – Forms & Translations audiō, audīre, audīvī, audītus: to hear Forms Translations Nom. -------- Gen. audiendī of hearing Dat. audiendō to/for hearing Acc. audiendum hearing Abl. bwf hearing

Gerundives

Gerundives – Basics & Forms gerundives are future passive participles we translate them “(about) to be _______ed” or “_____ing” (like gerunds) unlike gerunds, they exist in all cases, genders, and numbers they are formed as follows (same as FPPs): 1st & 2nd Conj.: pres. stem + –ndus, –nda, –ndum 3rd & 4th Conj.: pres. stem + –endus, –enda, –endum gerundives decline like 2-1-2 adjectives (for practice forming these, see notes on FPPs)

Uses of the Gerund & Gerundive the gerund & gerundive can be used with the various functions of a case (direct object, indirect object, etc.) the most common uses of the gerund/ive are: Case Common Uses Gen. Dat. Acc. Abl.

Uses of the Gerund & Gerundive the gerund & gerundive can be used with the various functions of a case (direct object, indirect object, etc.) the most common uses of the gerund/ive are: Case Common Uses Gen. with or without causā or gratiā (‘for the sake of’) to express purpose Dat. Acc. Abl.

Uses of the Gerund & Gerundive the gerund & gerundive can be used with the various functions of a case (direct object, indirect object, etc.) the most common uses of the gerund/ive are: Case Common Uses Gen. with or without causā or gratiā (‘for the sake of’) to express purpose Dat. as ind. object or with adj. that take the dat. Acc. Abl.

Uses of the Gerund & Gerundive the gerund & gerundive can be used with the various functions of a case (direct object, indirect object, etc.) the most common uses of the gerund/ive are: Case Common Uses Gen. with or without causā or gratiā (‘for the sake of’) to express purpose Dat. as ind. object or with adj. that take the dat. Acc. with ad to express purpose Abl.

Uses of the Gerund & Gerundive the gerund & gerundive can be used with the various functions of a case (direct object, indirect object, etc.) the most common uses of the gerund/ive are: Case Common Uses Gen. with or without causā or gratiā (‘for the sake of’) to express purpose Dat. as ind. object or with adj. that take the dat. Acc. with ad to express purpose Abl. as abl. of means

Uses of the Gerund & Gerundive the gerund generally does not take a direct object; instead, a gerundive & accompanying noun will be used, e.g.: locus senātum senātūs habendī  place of holding the senate note the noun sounds like the d.o. of a gerund, but is actually being modified by the gerundive

Distinguishing Gerunds vs. Gerundives when determining whether you have a gerund or gerundive, look for the following: if it doesn’t end in –ī, –ō, or –um, it must be a gerundive remember, gerunds only exist in neut. sg. gen., dat., acc., abl. if it agrees with something nearby in gender, number, and case, it’s most likely a gerundive translate the phrase just to make sure it makes sense remember that the noun being modified will sound like the direct object of the gerundive remember, gerunds are nouns, gerundives are adjectives

Gerunds & Gerundives – Exempla Domī legendī causā mansī. Domī librōrum legendōrum causā mansī. Multum tempus legendō dedit. Multum tempus librīs legendīs dedit. Hic locus legendō idōneus est. Hic locus legendō librō idōneus est. Hūc ad legendum vēnī. Hūc ad legendōs librōs vēnī. Multum legendō discimus. Multum legendīs librīs discimus. Start @ #2

Periphrastic Constructions

Periphrastic Constructions periphrastic constructions are those that use a form of sum, esse as an auxiliary verb (Future) Active Periphrastic: consists of the future active participle + form of sum, esse express future or intended action simply translate the form of sum, esse & your participle Exception! When you must use “will ____” or “would ____” in ind. statement

Periphrastic Constructions periphrastic constructions are those that use a form of sum, esse as an auxiliary verb (Future) Passive Periphrastic: consists of the gerundive (FPP) + form of sum, esse translate using must, should, ought or anything expressing obligation or necessity the agent of a passive periphrastic is expressed NOT by the ablative, but by the dative case without a preposition this is called the dative of agent

Passive Periphrastic with transitive verbs (vbs. that take a direct object), the gerundive in a pass. per. agrees with the subject in gender, number, and case: Militēs Caesarī mittendī sunt. Rex nobīs capiendus est. Villa videnda est vobīs. Urbēs Rōmānīs capiendae erunt. Furēs agricolīs interficiendī erant.

Passive Periphrastic intransitive verbs (vbs. that do not take a direct object) are used impersonally in the pass. per.; the gerundive is neut. nom. sg.: Furibus effugiendum est. Mīlitibus acriter pugnandum est. Omnibus vivendum erat. Discipulīs dormiendum erit. Ad ludum discipulīs veniendum erit.

The Supine – Basics, Forms, Translations like infinitives & gerunds, the supine is a verbal noun only has two forms and two uses Form: 4th PP declined like a 4th declension noun ONLY exists in the acc. sg. (–um) and abl. sg. (–ū) Translation: to __________ (sounds just like an infinitive)

The Supine – Uses the supine has only two uses Accusative Supine (–um): expresses purpose after verbs of motion Hostēs ad Caesarem gratulātum lēgātōs mīsērunt. The enemies sent legates to Caesar to thank (him). acc. supine can also take a direct object, e.g.: Pacem petitum lēgātōs Rōmam mittunt. They send legates to Rome to ask for peace.

The Supine – Uses Ablative Supine (–ū): used as an ablative of respect/specification generally follows adjectives like the following: facilis, difficilis, incredibilis, iucundus, mirabilis, optimus or follows a verb like the following: fās est (it is right), nefās est (it is not right), opus est (there is a need) never takes a direct object very few forms actually used; most common are: factū, cognitū, auditū, dictū, vīsū