ECOLOGY Chapter 2 Notes

Basics of Ecology Ecology is: the study of how living things interact with each other and with their environment Ex: Humans polluting the environment

Sometimes they help… Sometimes they hurt. Basics of Ecology https://goo.gl/P3BrZ9 In other words: it is the study of relationships between living and non-living things Sometimes they help… Sometimes they hurt.

Basics of Ecology An ecologist: scientist who studies these relationships.

BIOTIC = LIVING ABIOTIC = NONLIVING

Organization of the Biosphere ecosystem community population organism Biosphere

BIOSPHERE:planet earth Starts at the deepest ocean and goes up to the atmosphere—anywhere life can exist.

Biosphere Life is not evenly distributed in the biosphere

Ex: water, rocks, fish, & plants Ecosystem: a specific environment; includes both biotic (LIVING) and abiotic (NONLIVING) things in an area Ex: water, rocks, fish, & plants

COMMUNITY—Many different types of organisms living together. Only includes the Biotic (living) parts of an ecosystem.

POPULATION— . -Group of same species living together and reproducing Ex: a school of fish; group of giraffes .

ORGANISM -Just one living thing. What do you think his name is?

Habitat: environment where an organism lives Ex: Your house; Nemo’s sea anemone A monkey’s tree

Niche Organism’s unique strategy for surviving in its environment Niche: an organism’s “special role” in its environment

Which frog is better-adapted to its environment?

Is an animal better fit for this rainforest environment if it is green or brown? Big or small? If it flies, runs, climbs, or swims?

Niche Even though they live in the same environment, everybody (or every organism) has to find a different way to live. What would our society be like if everyone tried to play the same role (have the same niche)?

Example of Biosphere Organization ecosystem community population organism https://goo.gl/kk1zs Biosphere

Food Chains Food Chain: linear model showing the transfer of energy in an ecosystem → How energy gets from sun to plants to animals -Radiation into Chemical Energy

Food Chains

Food Web Interlinking food chains

Terms for Food Webs and Food Chains: Trophic Level: feeding levels shown in a food web In other words: are you a Producer? Consumer? Decompser?

Terms for Food Webs and Food Chains: Producers: autotrophic organisms; at the bottom of the food chain; photosynthetic; usually plants

Terms for Food Webs and Food Chains: Consumers: heterotrophic organisms; feed off other things Primary (1o): eat producers (herbivores) Secondary (2o): eat primary consumers Tertiary (3o): eat secondary consumers

Terms for Food Webs and Food Chains: Decomposers: bacteria and fungi that break down dead matter

Other Terms to Know Herbivore: eats producers (plants) Carnivore: eats Ex: cow Carnivore: eats meat (animals) Ex: lion

Omnivore: eats both producers (plants) and consumers (meat) Ex: human

Pyramid of Numbers

Biomass Energy(10% Rule)

Putting it All Together

Putting it All Together Producer = autotroph Primary consumer = heterotroph & herbivore Secondary consumer = carnivore & heterotroph Tertiary consumer = carnivore & heterotroph

https://goo.gl/ShCcDn https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ipi3OneIw0A

Biomagnification