Do Now What is a tide? What causes tides? Earths tilt is how many degrees? What is your favorite season? When is the first day of Winter and why is it THAT specific day each year?

Light

Electromagnetic Spectrum Electromagnetic Spectrum – the arrangement of waves according to their wavelengths and frequencies Light travels as a wave or particle Waves = found on Earth Particles = photons found in space Spectroscopy – the study of light properties based on the wavelength Visible white light passes through a prism to produce the colors of the rainbow (ROY G BIV)

Types of Waves Cosmic rays (Moves the Fastest) Gamma rays X-rays UV rays Visible Spectrum Infrared waves Radio waves (Moves the Slowest)

How are electromagnetic energies related to the environment? Cosmic Rays, Gamma Rays, & X-Rays Important because each are involved in NUCLEAR RADIATION. They all have HIGH energy They all BREAK bonds in molecules They all IONIZE atoms/molecules Ultraviolet Radiation (UV) Important because it affects the Ozone layer which protects humans from skin cancer. The energy can break bonds and SOME molecules THE ENERGY IS NOT AS HIGH AS Cosmic rays, Gamma rays, or X- rays

How are electromagnetic energies related to the environment? Infrared Radiation Important because if affects Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming. The energy is MUCH LOWER than (Cosmic, Gamma, X-rays, and UV) Only vibrates and bends atoms/bonds Microwaves Used for cooking and phones Energy is very low Causes water molecules to rotate which hits up other molecules

The Spectrum

The Sun

Energy from the Sun Mostly in the form of UV, visible light, infrared energy, and cosmic rays. Some energy is reflected back into space before reaching the Earth’s surface. Most energy is used in the planet’s heat cycle, evaporation of water to drive/run the water & weather cycle, wind and waves Only a small amount of energy is used for PHOTOSYNTHESIS

How is the energy from the Sun transferred? Passes through the atmosphere Absorbed by the Earth’s surface and objects (dark objects warm faster) Dark objects reflect the energy Eventually energy returns to space NOTE: Higher temperature = shorter wavelength = greater emissions (release) rate of radiation.

NOTE Greenhouse Effect Energy This is how much radiation is produced by surface temperature minus the amount that leaves the atmosphere.

The Sun and it’s relation to PHOTOSYNTHESIS Solar energy turns into chemical energy through PHOTOSYNTEHSIS Plants use sunlight to produce sugar through the actions of the chlorophyll Chemical formula 6 H2O + 6CO2 → C6H12O6 + 6O2

Do Now Define Revolution Define Rotation The Earth’s orbit is an ______________ The Earth’s tilt and its revolution around the sun causes _______________ Define Precession Define Nutation

What reactions cause the Sun to produce Energy?

Fusion Some stars are produced by fusion Fusion – when 2 small nuclei (plural for nucleus) join RELEASES lots of energy when joined INCREASES in temperature of the reactions Found in STARS & SUN MAIN POINT Produces radiant energy used by stars “FUSE”

Fission Fission – reaction in which radioactive decay occurs by the SPLITTING of a large NUCLEUS into SMALLER pieces Fission reactions produce energy

Let’s take a look

Foldable Create a foldable comparing and contrasting fusion and fission. Voice Level 1 Time limit: 12 minutes

Poster project Types of tides: Spring and Neap Tides Draw/list how the earth-moon-sun are aligned Explain/list when tides occur Barycenter Draw an image/visual aid of a barycenter Explain Barycenter Moon Phases Draw each moon phase Explain each moon phase, including when they occur Eclipses Solar and Lunar Draw an image/visual aid of each eclipse Explain each eclipse

Combustion Combustion – the reaction in which Oxygen comes from the air and combines with a Hydrocarbon to make water and fire.

Magnetic Field & Radiation

How does the Earth’s magnetic field protect the planet from the harmful effects of radiation? The magnetic force pulls the dangerous particles around the Earth Radiation particles do not enter at the poles of the Earth but they enter at the magneto tail which is located in the magnetosphere

The magnetic field cause particles to move in ONE of THREE ways Spiral Motion – electrons go one direction and protons go in another direction Bounce Motion – particles reflect from one pole to another Drift Motion – electrons go one direction and protons go in another direction