Carbon Cycle Natural Geochemical Cycles.

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Presentation transcript:

Carbon Cycle Natural Geochemical Cycles

Journey of a Carbon Atom

Matter Cycles in Ecosystems Biogeochemical cycles 1. Carbon 2. Water/hydrologic Driven primarily by solar energy (evaporation) & gravity (precipitation) 3. Nitrogen (five-step cycle) 4. Sulfur 5. Phosphorous

Carbon Dioxide a. CO2 = 0.036% of the atmosphere b. Easily dissolved in H2O c. CO2 enters the atmosphere by burning fossil fuels, aerobic respiration and volcanic activity d. CO2 is a heat-trapping gas, and an important part of regulating global temperatures e. More CO2 = higher temperatures with the greenhouse effect

How much warmer...

6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 + 6O2 The Carbon Cycle Cycles closely between plants and animals. Aerobic respiration: C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6 CO2 + 6H2O Photosynthesis: 6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 + 6O2 *

Carbon Dioxide Reservoirs Carbon dioxide is stored on the planet. The short term carbon storage units are the atmosphere, soils, & oceans Atmosphere (3 years) Soils (25-30 years) Oceans (up to 1500 years ) *

Carbon Dioxide Reservoirs The long term carbon storage units sequester CO2 for thousands or millions of years 1. Limestone and other sedimentary rocks 2. Limestone on the ocean floor The source of limestone includes marine organisms that make shells and skeletons out of CaCO3 (water reacting with CO2) 3. Fossil Fuels As plants and animals die and are burried the carbon in their bodies is trapped beneath the ground and converted into coal, oil, and natural gas. *

Carbon Dioxide & the Oceans When oceans take in CO2… Some CO2 stays dissolved in sea water which causes ocean acidification

Carbon Dioxide & the Oceans When oceans take in CO2… Some is removed by photosynthesis (plants, algae and phytoplankton)

Carbon Dioxide & the Oceans When oceans take in CO2… Some reacts with sea water to form CaCO3 in shells and corals.

Chemistry Review... Gases dissolve better in cool liquids… Gases will leave warm liquids and go into the air… Think about that warm flat soda...

Carbon Dioxide & the Oceans Global warming heats the oceans... Increasing the rate of global warming... POSITIVE FEEDBACK Oceans lose CO2 to the air... Extra CO2 in the air traps heat from the sun...

Carbon Dioxide & the Oceans Increasing amounts of CO2 in the oceans, which causes acidification of the oceans H2O + CO2 --> H2CO3 (carbonic acid) Acidification negatively impacts corals, mussels, and other marine organisms by dissolving the shells they live in.

Significant Human Interventions Two major activities that lead to increasing levels of CO2 in the atmosphere 1. Vegetation removal/deforestation 2. Fossil fuel and wood burning Reason for concern: 1. Altered global food production due to shifting climate belts 2. Altered wildlife habitat due to changes in temperature and precipitation (e.g., loss of Arctic sea ice) 3. Altered species interactions (e.g., bird and insect births) 4. Rise in sea levels due to melting ice and thermal expansion of water *