Imperialism 1900-1916
Imperialism Imperialism- is the policy in which stronger nations extend their economic, political, and military control over weaker territories Why? Global Competition- keeping up with other countries trade and to compete military Desire for Military Strength Need for new markets Belief in cultural superiority
Global Competition European nations had been taking over other nations in Africa and Asia for centuries US could only compete in China/ Japan
Desire for Military Strength Led by Alfred T. Mahan- asked for a navy made out of steel Why? Transformed the navy into one of the strongest navies in the world.
Thirst for New Markets Wanted to incorporate more trading partners Japan bought raw materials (iron, fuel, etc.) China was forced to buy other products to help US out of an economic depression.
Belief in Cultural Superiority US believed in White Man’s Burden The idea to spread culture throughout the world and to ensure the spread of Christianity.
Expansion First purchase was by William Seward Bought Alaska for $7.2 million dollars in 1867 Was made fun of because of the purchase Alaska was called Frigidia, Walrussia, Seward’s Icebox Yielded oil and gold which would sustain the US for years to come 1959, Alaska became the 49th state
Expansion 1820’s, Christian missionaries invaded and created schools and churches Those early Christians became sugar planters and sold to the US 1887, Pearl Harbor was taken over by US to refuel ships to get to Asia Queen Liliuokalani took over and wanted to return the land to Hawaiians Sanford B. Dole and Americans revolted and captured Queen Liliuokalani. Forced her to sign over Hawaii to the Americans 1959, Hawaii became the 50th state.
Spanish-American War War lasted for one year in 1898. Three Causes of the Spanish-American War 1. Yellow Journalism- Exaggerated Stories 2. De Lome Letter- letter made by the Ambassador of Spain saying McKinley was weak. 3. Sinking of the U.S.S. Maine
Yellow Journalism Valeriano Weyler was sent to Cuba to force the Cubans back under Spanish rule William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer created stories to get sympathy for Cubans. Stories were Yellow Journalism in that they were exaggerated.
De Lome Letter President McKinley was in office in 1897 Ambassador to the United States De Lome said that McKinley was a weak leader. McKinley called for the ambassador to be removed
U.S.S. Maine U.S.S. Maine was sent to Cuba to remove US civilians. On February 15, 1898, ship unexplainably blew up. Yellow Journalists claimed that Spain had an underwater mine.
War in the Philippines George Dewey attacked at Manila Bay and crushed the Spanish fleet US easily destroyed Spanish in Philippines Aided by Emilio Aguinaldo Aguinaldo was upset when the US did not free the Philippines and started a war for independence July 4, 1946 Philippines were finally freed
War in Cuba Cuba was surrounded by American navy Group of fighters known as the Rough Riders were the major fighting force Led by Theodore Roosevelt and Leonard Wood and fought at San Juan Hill
Treaty of Paris - 1898 Treaty was discussed in Paris in1898 US received: Cuba, Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines US paid $20 million to acquire new lands Anti-Imperialist League- was against taking over new land; went against the Declaration of Independence
Political Cartoons
Political Cartoons
18.30 Acquiring New Lands Puerto Rico Military took over Puerto Rico Foraker Act – set up a government in Puerto Rico Puerto Rico is a territory of the US
Cuba- Fair Deal? Teller Amendment- US promised not to keep Cuba US soldiers took over the island and helped set up a government Many businesses got into Cuba and took over the sugar business Cuba was freed as long as it agreed to the Platt Amendment: Cuba could not make treaties that limited its independence US could intervene in Cuba Cuba was not to go into debt US could buy or lease land on the island whenever it wanted Became a protectorate of the US
China and the Open Door Notes US needed to keep up with other countries in Asia U.S. Secretary of State John Hay opened up China Created the Open Door Notes which allowed trade China tried to kick all foreigners out with the Boxer Rebellion