Turner College & Career High School  2016 The Study of Biology Turner College & Career High School  2016

What is Biology? Biology is the study of all living things. Living things are called organisms. Organisms include bacteria, protists, fungi, plants, & animals.

All Living Things Share Common Characteristics Basic unit is the cell. They reproduce. All based on universal genetic code (DNA). They grow & develop.

All Living Things Share Common Characteristics Obtain & use materials & energy. They respond to their environment. Maintain a stable internal environment. As a group, living things evolve, that is they change over time.

1 Basic Unit is the Cell

Facts About Cells Cells are the smallest living unit of an organism. All cells contain living material called cytoplasm. All cells are surrounded by a cell membrane that controls what enters & leaves the cell.

Organisms are Grouped by the Number of Cells Unicellular organisms Living organism made up of one cell. Multicellular organisms Living organism made up of many, specialized cells.

2 Organisms Reproduce

Types of Reproduction Sexual reproduction Involves two parents. Egg fertilized by sperm to make a zygote. Offspring different from parents.

Types of Reproduction Asexual Reproduction Involves a single organism or cell. Cell divides. Offspring identical to parent.

Cells have a Genetic Code 3 Cells have a Genetic Code

Genetic Code Deoxyribose nucleic acid (DNA) carries the genetic code for all organisms. All organisms contain DNA. DNA codes for the proteins that make up cells & do all the work.

Organisms Grow & Develop 4 Organisms Grow & Develop

Growth & Development Organisms grow by producing more cells & by cell enlargement. Organisms develop as they mature into an adult organism.

Cells Need Food & Energy 5 Cells Need Food & Energy

Food Requirements Autotrophs can make their own food. Heterotrophs can not make their own food.

Metabolism Sum of all the chemical reactions in an organism. All require energy. Sunlight is the ultimate energy for life on Earth.

Metabolism Cellular Respiration Cells releasing the chemical energy stored in foods.

6 Respond to Stimuli Organisms respond to environment (temperature, water, food supplies) in order to survive & reproduce.

7 Homeostasis Keeping the internal environment of the cell or organism within the ranges required for life. Stable internal conditions of ph, temperature water balance, etc.

8 Living Things Evolve Groups of organisms (not individuals) change over time in order to survive within changing environments. Fossil records show changes in groups of organisms.

Life is Organized on Several Levels