Higher body mass index is associated with more adverse changes in calf muscle characteristics in peripheral arterial disease Zankhana Raval, MD, Kiang.

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Date of download: 6/9/2016 Copyright © The American College of Cardiology. All rights reserved. From: Calf Muscle Characteristics, Strength Measures, and.

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Higher body mass index is associated with more adverse changes in calf muscle characteristics in peripheral arterial disease Zankhana Raval, MD, Kiang Liu, PhD, Lu Tian, ScD, Luigi Ferrucci, MD, PhD, Jack M. Guralnik, MD, PhD, Yihua Liao, MS, Michael H. Criqui, MD, MPH, Mary M. McDermott, MD Journal of Vascular Surgery Volume 55, Issue 4, Pages 1015-1024 (April 2012) DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2011.10.105 Copyright © 2012 Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 Flow chart shows participants with and without peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in the Walking and Leg Circulation Study II (WALCS II). BMI, Body mass index. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2012 55, 1015-1024DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2011.10.105) Copyright © 2012 Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 Adjusted associations of baseline body mass index (BMI) with baseline calf muscle characteristics among 425 men and women with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). **Data are adjusted for age, race, sex, ankle-brachial index, smoking, comorbidities, activity level, and tibia length (muscle area and knee extension measures only). BMI categories (kg/m2) were defined as ideal (20-25), overweight (>25-30), and obese (>30). *Significant pair-wise comparison with obese BMI category. Pair-wise P values were <.001(percent fat, muscle density), P = .0009(muscle area), P = .014(isometric knee extension strength), P = .048(knee extension power). N = 412 for muscle area, percentage of fat, and muscle density analyses, n = 313 for leg strength analysis, and n = 384 for leg power analysis. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2012 55, 1015-1024DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2011.10.105) Copyright © 2012 Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig 3 Adjusted associations of body mass index (BMI) with change in calf muscle characteristics among participants with peripheral arterial disease. **Data are adjusted for age, race, sex, ankle-brachial index, smoking, comorbidities, activity level, tibia length (muscle area and leg strength measures only), lower extremity revascularization during follow-up, hip or knee replacement during follow-up, and prior calf muscle characteristics. BMI categories (in kg/m2) were defined as ideal (20-25), overweight (>25-30), and obese (>30). *Significantly different value compared with the obese BMI category. For muscle area, the pairwise P = .043 for the comparison between ideal BMI and obese. The pairwise P = .0254 for the comparison between overweight BMI and obese. For calf muscle percentage of fat, the pairwise P = .0261 for the comparison between obese and overweight. N = 291 for muscle area, percentage fat, muscle density analyses, n = 264 for leg strength analysis, and n = 324 for leg power analysis. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2012 55, 1015-1024DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2011.10.105) Copyright © 2012 Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions