Sequential Expression of Adhesion and Costimulatory Molecules in Graft-versus-Host Disease Target Organs after Murine Bone Marrow Transplantation across.

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Sequential Expression of Adhesion and Costimulatory Molecules in Graft-versus-Host Disease Target Organs after Murine Bone Marrow Transplantation across Minor Histocompatibility Antigen Barriers Matthias Eyrich, Gudrun Burger, Katja Marquardt, Wilfried Budach, Karin Schilbach, Dietrich Niethammer, Paul G. Schlegel Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation Volume 11, Issue 5, Pages 371-382 (May 2005) DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2005.02.002 Copyright © 2005 American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Expression of VCAM-1 in GVHD target organs. Expression of VCAM-1 was analyzed in untreated and irradiated controls (♦), as well as in syngeneic ( ) and allogeneic (♢) transplanted mice. Expression was assessed as absent (0), weak (1), moderate (2), or strong (3). Each symbol represents 1 animal, analyzed at the respective time points; bars represent median values. Data were pooled from 2 separate experiments. Expression of VCAM-1 is shown in ileum (A), colon (B), skin (C), and liver (D). Irradiation induced an increase in VCAM-1 expression in ileum and colon of all treated animals. Whereas expression returned to baseline levels in syngeneic transplanted mice on day 9, it remained increased in the allogeneic group until day 22 (ileum, P < .0337; colon, P < .0476 in untreated controls versus allogeneic mice on day 22). In skin and liver, VCAM-1 increased from day 9 on in the allogeneic, but not in the syngeneic transplanted group. Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation 2005 11, 371-382DOI: (10.1016/j.bbmt.2005.02.002) Copyright © 2005 American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Expression of α4 and β7 integrin in GVHD target organs. Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation resulted in accumulation of activated donor T cells in GVHD target organs. This tissue infiltration could be detected from day 9 on in skin and liver and later from day 22 on in the ileum and colon. A, Representative examples of immunohistochemical α4 integrin staining in skin of untreated controls (left) and allogeneic transplanted mice (right) on day 9 are shown. This increase of expression was statistically significant (P = .0146). B, Immunofluorescence staining confirming the significant increase (P = .0005) of α4 integrin-positive cells in ileum of allogeneic transplanted animals from day 3 (left) to day 22 (right). Whereas in liver and ileum, the expression of α4 and β7 integrin increased in parallel and lymphocytes positive for both markers were colocalized, in skin these 2 molecules were expressed on distinct cell populations. C, Different location of cutaneous α4 integrin-positive and β7 integrin-positive cells. α4 Integrin-positive cells were localized in the dermis (left), whereas β7 integrin-positive cells could predominantly be found in the epidermis of syngeneic (middle) and allogeneic (right) transplanted animals. This indicates that α4 and β7 integrin are expressed on different cell populations in skin after transplantation. Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation 2005 11, 371-382DOI: (10.1016/j.bbmt.2005.02.002) Copyright © 2005 American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Expression of ICAM-1 and its ligand LFA-1 in ileum. Expression of ICAM-1 and LFA-1 is shown in untreated and irradiated controls (♦) and in syngeneic ( ) and allogeneic (♢) transplanted mice. Expression was assessed as absent (0), weak (1), moderate (2), or strong (3). Each symbol represents 1 animal, analyzed at the respective time points; bars represent median values. Data were pooled from 2 separate experiments. In immunohistochemistry slides, positive, AEC-stained cells appear in red. A, Expression of ICAM-1 in all animals (upper panel) and representative examples of immunohistochemistry in an untreated BALB/c mouse (left) and an allogeneic transplanted animal on day 22 (right; lower panel). B, Expression of LFA-1 in ileum of all animals (upper panel) and representative examples of immunohistochemistry in an untreated BALB/c mouse (left) and an allogeneic transplanted animal on day 22 (right, lower panel). Of note, in allogeneic mice, increased expression of ICAM-1 on day 3 preceded infiltration of LFA-1+ cells on day 22. Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation 2005 11, 371-382DOI: (10.1016/j.bbmt.2005.02.002) Copyright © 2005 American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 Expression of B7-1 and B7-2 in ileum. Expression of B7-1 and B7-2 is shown in untreated and irradiated controls (♦) and syngeneic ( ), and allogeneic (♢) transplanted mice. Expression was assessed as absent (0), weak (1), moderate (2), or strong (3). Each symbol represents 1 animal, analyzed at the respective time points; bars represent median values. Data were pooled from 2 separate experiments. A, Expression of B7-1 in ileum. B, B7-1 expression in skin. In ileum and skin of allogeneic mice, there was a late upregulation of B7-1 on day 22 (P < .05), which could be observed neither in syngeneic mice nor in colon and liver of allogeneic transplant recipients. C, B7-2 expression in ileum. D, B7-2 expression in skin of all animals. B7-2 expression in ileum was significantly increased by irradiation in all treated animals (P < .05) and remained upregulated in the allogeneic group. In skin, B7-2 expression increased in the allogeneic group from day 9 on, but not in irradiation or syngeneic controls. Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation 2005 11, 371-382DOI: (10.1016/j.bbmt.2005.02.002) Copyright © 2005 American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation Terms and Conditions

Figure 5 Body weight and expansion of Vβ3+ T cells after transplantation. A, Weight loss of animals after lethal irradiation and subsequent syngeneic ( ) and allogeneic (♦) transplantation (107 bone marrow plus 108 spleen cells from female H-2d B10.D2 into female H-2d BALB/c mice). Although in the syngeneic group mice recovered their pretransplantation weight on day 10, induction of GVHD in the allogeneic group resulted in a second loss of weight around day 24. B, Expansion of Vβ3+ T cells on days 9 and 22 within the CD4 (left) and CD8 (right) compartment is a hallmark of GVHD in allogeneic transplant recipients. Expansion of Vβ3+ T cells occurred only in the allogeneic, but not in the syngeneic transplanted group. Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation 2005 11, 371-382DOI: (10.1016/j.bbmt.2005.02.002) Copyright © 2005 American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation Terms and Conditions

Figure 6 Expression of apoptotic markers in intestine and spleen of allogeneic transplanted mice. Results of semiquantitative RT-PCR are given as ΔOD, which is the optical density (OD) of the respective PCR product divided by the OD of an internal β-actin standard from the same organ. A, Expression of Bax/Bcl-2 in ileum. B, Expression of Bax/Bcl-2 in spleen of untreated and allogeneic transplanted mice. Bax/Bcl-2 temporarily increased in ileum and colon (data not shown) during GVHD at similar levels. However, in the spleen of allogeneic transplanted mice, there was a striking dysbalance of these molecules in favor of the proapoptotic Bax. C, Expression of Fas/Fas-L in colon of allogeneic transplanted mice during GVHD. Like Bax/Bcl-2, Fas/Fas-L expression temporarily increased during GVHD. A similar pattern was noted in ileum and spleen (data not shown). Expression of Fas/Fas-L was balanced in all GVHD organs and in spleen. Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation 2005 11, 371-382DOI: (10.1016/j.bbmt.2005.02.002) Copyright © 2005 American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation Terms and Conditions