Imperialism Chapters 14 and 15
Asia
WHY did imperialism become popular? Looking for raw materials (rubber, oil, tin, etc.) Wanted a market for Western manufactured goods Wanted dominance over other countries National prestige (makes their country look good)
Where did it become popular? Great Britain Island of Singapore: stopping point going to or from China Burma: GB wanted control of Burma to protect colonies in nearby India Caused Burma’s monarchy to fall
Where did it become popular? France Made Vietnam a protectorate in 1884 Took over Cambodia, Annam, Tonkin, and Loas
Where did it become popular? The United States Freed Philippines from Spain, but then took control
How were Colonies led? Indirect Rule Direct Rule Original leader in place Hands off approach Lowered cost of government EXAMPLE: Dutch East Indies Mother country sends in leaders Costs more because officials have to be paid EXAMPLE: Burma
Resistance Comes from existing ruling class Sometimes peasant revolts Early attempts failed – led to new try related to nationalism Movements of westernized intellectuals in cities People who grew up under western rule and were educated
Africa
Issues in West Africa Great Britain is going to annex the western coastal states as the Gold Coast Establish a protectorate over Nigeria France controls Togo, Cameroon, German Southwest Africa, and German East Africa
The fight over Egypt Suez Canal is opened in 1869 – Britain takes interest in the area because of this. Egypt becomes British protectorate in 1914 after brief revolt.
Issues in North Africa Great Britain is going to France has seize control of the Sudan in 1898 France has Algeria Protectorate over Tunisia Morocco Italy tried to take over Ethiopia but were defeated in revolt.
Issues in South Africa Area has a large group of whites – called the Boers, settled in “Cape Colony” Boers did not like British rule – eventually led to a war between the two groups. Britain ends up winning because they have a larger army. 1910 Britain creates Union of South Africa
Colonial rule Most countries took an INDIRECT approach (i.e. Great Britain) This does not disrupt local customs and institutions. Those leaders did not have true control. They were told what to do by their Mother country. Kept African elite in power Led to class and tribal tensions Some took a DIRECT approach (i.e. France) Led by an official from the mother country; natives were allowed to take part in government Goal was to ASSIMILATE natives into mother country’s culture rather than preserve their traditions.