Plasmin Plays a Role in the In Vitro Generation of the Linear IgA Dermatosis Antigen LADB97 Silke C. Hofmann, Ursula Voith, Verena Schönau, Lydia Sorokin,

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Plasmin Plays a Role in the In Vitro Generation of the Linear IgA Dermatosis Antigen LADB97 Silke C. Hofmann, Ursula Voith, Verena Schönau, Lydia Sorokin, Leena Bruckner-Tuderman, Claus-Werner Franzke Journal of Investigative Dermatology Volume 129, Issue 7, Pages 1730-1739 (July 2009) DOI: 10.1038/jid.2008.424 Copyright © 2009 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Epitope mapping of the mAbs NC16a-1 and NC16a-3. (a) Scheme of full-length collagen XVII and the recombinant GST-fusion proteins used for antibody production and epitope mapping. Top: Collagen XVII consists of an intracellular domain (ICD), the NC16a domain adjacent to the transmembrane domain, and an extracellular domain (ECD) with 15 interrupted collagenous subdomains (black rectangles). Bottom: Three NC16a recombinants FL-NC16a, N-NC16a, and C-NC16a. (b) The mAb NC16a-1 specifically binds to the N-terminal part of the NC16a domain (AA 490–523), whereas NC16a-3 recognizes a more C-terminal region (AA 525–567). Serum of the mouse immunized with FL-NC16a (pNC16a) showed reactivity to the entire NC16a domain. Molecular weight marker is shown on the right. (c) Using a pepspot assay NC16a-1 reacted with spots 12–14, which localizes the epitope to AA 515–523 (upper panel). Subsequently, after stripping, the assay was reprobed with NC16a-3 (lower panel) which reacted specifically with spot 29, revealing AA 545–557 of collagen XVII as epitope of NC16a-3. (d) Localization of the epitopes (underlined) within the NC16a sequence. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2009 129, 1730-1739DOI: (10.1038/jid.2008.424) Copyright © 2009 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 The collagen XVII ectodomain is detectable in blister fluids. (a) Blister fluids of 3 representative BP patients (BP1–BP3) and one representative suction blister fluid (SB), and HaCaT medium (M) as a control were immunoprecipitated using the NC16a-1 mAb bound to protein A sepharose. Immunoprecipitated proteins were immunoblotted and visualized with anti-NC16a antibody. The 120kDa ectodomain of collagen XVII (black arrow) and a 97kDa fragment (grey arrow) was immunoprecipitated by NC16a-1 from the BP blisters. Most suction blisters punctured 4hours after blister formation only contained the 120kDa ectodomain. (b) Immunoprecipitation of suction blisters punctured 0, 6, 10, or 20hours after blistering, revealed that the 97kDa collagen XVII ectodomain (grey arrow) is present in suction blisters, if punctured more than 6hours after blister existence. Molecular weight marker is shown on the right. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2009 129, 1730-1739DOI: (10.1038/jid.2008.424) Copyright © 2009 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Plasmin is present in blister fluids. (a) The plasmin-like serine protease activity of nine BP blisters (BP) and seven directly punctured suction blisters (SB) was measured by a chromogenic assay using N-(p-Tosyl)-Gly-Pro-Lys 4-nitroanilide acetate as substrate. BP blisters contained significantly higher levels of plasmin-like activity. (b) Immunoblot of BP blister fluids (1 and 2), BP serum (3) and control serum (4) with an antibody to human plasminogen/plasmin showing a double band of the zymogen and the activated enzyme at about 85kDa in each sample. Molecular weight marker is shown on the right. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2009 129, 1730-1739DOI: (10.1038/jid.2008.424) Copyright © 2009 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 Plasmin digestion results in a stable 97kDa collagen XVII ectodomain fragment. (a) Left panel: The purified 120kDa collagen XVII ectodomain (black arrow) was incubated without (Con) and with the human serine proteases plasmin (Pla), neutrophil elastase (Ela), trypsin (Try), and chymotrypsin (Chy) for 3hours at 37°C. Only plasmin produced a stable fragment at 97kDa (grey arrow). (a) Right panel: HaCaT keratinocytes were incubated with no enzyme (Con), plasmin (Pla), neutrophil elastase (Ela), trypsin (Try), and chymotrypsin (Chy) for 5hours and the fragments in the supernatant were analyzed by immunoblotting with rabbit-anti-NC16a antibody. Only the addition of plasmin and trypsin resulted in the production of a 97kDa fragment. (b) Long-term digestions of HaCaT cells with trypsin and 0.5U plasmin. Only the addition of plasmin to HaCaT cells resulted in the production of a stable 97kDa fragment (grey arrow). This fragment showed high stability over 5hours and even 12hours. (c) HaCaT keratinocytes were preincubated with 50μM of the hydroxamate metalloproteinase inhibitors BB3103 (BB) or TAPI I (TA) for 5hours followed by addition of 0.5U human plasmin to the medium (+) and further 1hour incubation. The fragments in the lysates and supernatant were visualized by immunoblotting with rabbit-anti-NC16a antibody. The 97kDa fragment was also generated in the presence of ADAM inhibitors which point to an ADAM-independent cleavage of collagen XVII within the NC16a domain (white arrow, 180kDa collagen XVII; black arrow, 120kDa ectodomain; grey arrow, 97kDa fragment). Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2009 129, 1730-1739DOI: (10.1038/jid.2008.424) Copyright © 2009 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 5 Immunomapping of the in vitro plasmin-cleaved 97kDa collagen XVII ectodomain. (a) Extract of HaCaT keratinocytes (E), HaCaT medium in the absence (M) or presence of plasmin (MP), and blister fluid of a BP patient (BF) were immunoblotted with rabbit-anti-NC16a-antibody (NC16a) or with serum of two linear IgA dermatosis patients (LAD 1 and LAD 2). The LAD sera reacted weakly with the 120kDa ectodomain (black arrow), but intensively with the plasmin-cleaved 97kDa fragment (grey arrow), which comigrated with the 97kDa fragment present in BP blister fluids. (b) For epitope mapping of the plasmin-cleaved 97kDa fragment, immunoblots were reacted with mAbs NC16a-1 and NC16a-3 against the NC16a domain, mAb V5–8 against the intracellular domain and polyclonal chicken Ecto-1 antibody against the C-terminus of collagen XVII. The 97kDa fragment (grey arrow) was detected by the mono- and polyclonal NC16a antibodies, but not by antibodies to the intracellular domain or the C-terminus of collagen XVII. (c) Schematic representation of the antibodies epitopes. Full-length collagen XVII with the intracellular domain (ICD), NC16a domain, and extracellular domain (ECM) is depicted at the top, the collagen XVII recognition sequences of the antibodies are shown at the bottom. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2009 129, 1730-1739DOI: (10.1038/jid.2008.424) Copyright © 2009 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 6 The 97kDa collagen XVII fragment is unglycosylated and shows low heparin affinity. (a) Deglycosylation by PNGase F (PNG). The collagen XVII ectodomain from untreated or plasmin-treated HaCaT medium was concentrated by salt precipitation and incubated with N-glycosidase F (PNG) before immunoblot analysis. The 120kDa collagen XVII ectodomain was sensitive to PNGase F digestion, as indicated by a motility shift of about 5kDa, whereas the plasmin-derived 97kDa fragment yielded a single band after incubation with PNGase, indicating that C-terminally truncated collagen XVII was not glycosylated. (b) The 120kDa or plasmin-induced 97kDa collagen XVII ectodomain from HaCaT medium was concentrated by salt precipitation and analyzed by HPLC with a HiTrap Heparin HP column. The bound ectodomain was eluted with a gradient from 0 to 1M NaCl in 20mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.2 at a flow rate of 250μlminute-1. All fractions were screened for collagen XVII immunoreactivity by immunoblotting with polyclonal rabbit-anti NC16a antibody and the density was determined. The wild-type ectodomain eluted with 0.56M NaCl, whereas the C-terminally truncated form eluted with 0.39M NaCl, indicating a lower heparin bonding capacity. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2009 129, 1730-1739DOI: (10.1038/jid.2008.424) Copyright © 2009 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions