A POCKET GUIDE TO PUBLIC SPEAKING 5TH EDITION Chapter 1 Becoming a Public Speaker

Gain a Vital Life Skill Skill in public speaking Gives you an unmistakable edge; Leads to greater confidence and satisfaction; Is a potent weapon in career development.

Enhance Your Career as a Student Skills used when preparing speeches Researching topics Analyzing audiences Outlining and organizing ideas Supporting claims These skills apply to other courses.

Find New Opportunities for Civic Engagement Studying public speaking allows you to Research topics meaningful to you; Consider alternate viewpoints; Choose a course of action; Distinguish between arguments and uncivil speech.

The Classical Roots of Public Speaking Ancient Greece Developed rhetoric (making effective speeches—also called oratory) Used rhetoric to persuade public policy Practiced public speaking in forums

The Classical Roots of Public Speaking (cont.) Aristotle developed the canons of rhetoric: Invention Arrangement Style Memory Delivery

Learning to Speak in Public Public speaking Is an acquired skill; Improves with practice; Is similar to speaking and writing; Utilizes skills you already have.

Draw on Conversational Skills Skills you commonly use in conversation Checking to ensure you are understood Adjusting your meaning as necessary Discussing issues appropriate to the circumstances Uncovering the audience’s interests and attitudes

Draw on Skills in Composition Skills used in writing Having a sense of the audience Researching a topic Offering credible evidence Employing effective transitions Devising persuasive appeals

Draw on Skills in Composition (cont.) Similar components of speeches and essays Compelling introduction Clear thesis statement Supporting ideas Thoughtful conclusion

Develop an Effective Oral Style Practices of successful speakers Using familiar words Using easy-to-follow sentences Using transitional words and phrases Repeating key words and phrases

Develop an Effective Oral Style (cont.) Relate your message to the audience. Specific references to yourself, audience Use clear, recognizable, and organized speech. Offer the audience something of value.

Become an Inclusive Speaker Address diverse audiences with sensitivity. Cultivate your cultural intelligence. Strive for inclusion. Adopt an audience-centered perspective.

Public Speaking as a Form of Communication Four categories of human communication Dyadic communication Between two people Small group communication Small number of people See, speak directly with one another

Public Speaking as a Form of Communication (cont.) Four categories of human communication (cont.) Mass communication Speaker and large audience (usually not present) Public speaking Speaker delivers message with specific purpose. Audience is present during speech.

Public Speaking as a Form of Communication (cont.) Public speaking always includes A speaker with a reason for speaking; An audience that gives its attention; A message meant to accomplish a purpose.

Linear vs. Transactional Communication Linear communication is a one-way message where the receiver does not typically respond to the source. Example: Listening to the news reporter. Transactional communication includes verbal feedback or interruptions. Example: A conversation between friends.

Linear Model

Transactional Model

Public Speaking as an Interactive Communication Process

Public Speaking as an Interactive Communication Process (cont.) Context Influences the speaker, audience, or occasion May include Recent events Physical setting Cultural orientation of audience members

Public Speaking as an Interactive Communication Process (cont.) Rhetorical situation Circumstance calling for a public response Speech purpose or goal What the audience should learn or do