The scramble for Africa https://youtu.be/OJe1W_HIWmA

Learning objective Students will be able describe how the rise of imperialism led to the colonization of Africa by Europe.

If you could pick a world territory where would you choose? Natural Resources, gold, silver, natural gas Natural resources, diamonds OIL Natural resources, coal, iron, minerals Strategic location, good agriculture Natural resources, stones, spices, and consumers Strategic location to cut through Americas Natural resources, timber and rubber

Before dominance Divided by 100s of ethnic & linguistic groups Spoke more than 1,000 different languages Politically ranged from large empire that were united by many ethnic groups to independent villages Diseases Geographically: Problem because hard to navigate waterways Controlled their own trade networks

Europeans saw Africa as an unoccupied land waiting to be taken Africa was viewed as . . . Europeans saw Africa as an unoccupied land waiting to be taken

Factors promoting imperialism Technological superiority Maxim Gun – 1st Automatic machine gun New inventions such as steam engine & railroads Set-up bases of control New drugs to fight off diseases Variety of languages, cultures & fight over land, water & trade routes discouraged unity within Discoveries of Gold/Diamonds in South Africa & abundance of tin copper made Africa more desirable and no one wanted to be left out.

A couple of things happened Berlin Conferences – Divides Africa Africans did not start buying the manufactured goods Ton of natural resources found Development of Cash-crop Boer War Cape of Good Hope settled by Dutch farmers to establish a way station Discovery of Gold and Diamonds made the area really popular 1st modern total war Won by Great Britain - 1910 Self Government – Controlled by the British Result: Signaled a change in the life of Africans. Europeans made efforts to change the political, social, & economic lives of the people the captured.

African resistance All attempts to resist European control failed except for Ethiopia & Liberia Why do you think that? Largely due to Modern technology , weapons, exploitation in the case of Ethiopia, she stock piled weapons to be used for the case that will have the chance to defeat Europe

Legacy of colonial rule Positive Effects Negative effects Colonialism reduces local fighting Sanitation improves, hospitals & schools were created Technology brings economic growth Large portions of land was taken. No land left that belonged to native Africans Splitting ethnic groups or combining of enemy groups Deaths from foreign diseases Social division Countries are left underdeveloped Destruction of traditional culture Result after World War II, power vacuum. Many African countries replaced by home- grown dictators

Map Exercise Once completed: Directions: Color the different European colonies within Africa Label: Cape of Good Hope, South African, Congo River Then On the back, respond to the following questions: 1) Which Country had the great imperial power in Africa? 2) Why do you think Africa was a target? Once completed: Read the Nigerian Case Study, page 345 in textbook & respond to questions