Today I am learning about the founding of Georgia because if it were not for the English we would not be here today. Warm Up - Which Native American tribe allowed Oglethorpe and the new colonists to settle on Yamacraw Bluff?

Founding of Georgia Supplementary Notes

Mercantile System of Trade For mercantilism to work a country must be self sufficient. England did not have the resources to be self sufficient. For mercantilism to work England needed to find new resources for needed goods and raw materials. North America held the most promise for a new source of raw materials. The colonies would also be a valuable market for English goods

Mercantilism America exported raw materials to England England exported manufactured goods back to the Colonies.

Mercantilism (cont) Raw materials- exported by colonies to England. Fish, whale oil, furs, lumber, rum, corn, iron, wheat, tobacco, hides, indigo, naval stores. Manufactured goods- Imported by colonies from England. Cloth, glass, tools, china, furniture, firearms, wine, sugar, tea.

I. The Anne arrived February 12, 1733 II. The voyage was fairly easy-two people died, both were infants. III. Oglethorpe chose a site 18 miles up the Savannah River

The First Georgia Colonists Few debtors, former prisoners, or working poor ever made it to Georgia during its early settlement. Georgia’s first settlers were given land, tools, and food. They promised to defend the colony from invaders and to grow trees that would attract silk worms. Between 114 and 125 settlers sailed from England on the ship Ann in 1732. Oglethorpe befriended Tomochichi, chief of the Yamacraw Indians. Tomochichi led the settlers to Yamacraw Bluff overlooking the Savannah River. This became the first settlement of the new Georgia colony.

Savannah: Georgia’s Planned City Oglethorpe, surveyor Noble Jones, and Colonel William Bell designed the city of Savannah and built along the Savannah River to facilitate shipping. The streets formed several squares that were divided into blocks (called “tythings”) and wards. The center of each square was for social, political, and religious gatherings. All but three of Oglethorpe's original squares exist in Savannah today. Today, nearly 150,000 people live in Savannah. Click to return to the Table of Contents

Land Each settler (male adult) received 1. house lot 2. 5 acres on the edge of town for personal garden 3. 45 acres of land outside of town for large scale farming.

New Colonists Arrive in Georgia Catholics were not allowed to settle in Georgia under the charter signed by King George II. Forty original settlers died in the first year. In 1733, 42 Jews were allowed to settle in Georgia, including a much-needed doctor. In 1733, a group of German protestants from Salzburg arrived, and settled a town called Ebenezer, about 25 miles from Savannah. Three years later they moved to Red Bluff and settled New Ebenezer. Oglethorpe and Chief Tomochichi returned from a trip to England in 1736 with 300 more settlers, including German protestants from Salzburg and Saxony. Religious leaders John and Charles Wesley also arrived in Georgia. Restrictions – no rum or hard liquor, no blacks/slaves, no lawyers, no Catholics

Georgia’s Colonists Become Discontent Regulations enforced by Oglethorpe did not allow rum trade, buying large tracts of land, or use of slave labor. South Carolina used slave labor to successfully grow rice, tobacco, and cotton on large plantations. Farmers in Georgia wanted the same “success” that South Carolina farmers had. Many Georgians moved to places in the colony where they basically could live as they wished. By 1742, Georgians were allowed to buy and sell rum. Slavery was introduced in 1750. The colony named for King George II was changing.

Early Georgia Colony Accomplishments The Bethesda Orphans Home was established in Ebenezer. The orphanage later became Bethesda House School, where many of Georgia’s early leaders were educated. The Methodist Church was founded by John and Charles Wesley. The first Sunday School in America is established by the Wesley brothers. A successful court system was established and maintained. Women were able to inherit property. Click to return to the Table of Contents

Colonization Quick Questions Who founded the Georgia colony? Who is the Georgia colony named for? Under the Charter of 1732, who would run the Georgia colony and for how long? What were the reasons (3) for settling Georgia? Where did the colonists settle first? Oglethorpe and Noble Jones designed the city of ____________________ in a series of squares.

Quick Questions Key 1. James Oglethorpe 2. King George II 3. 21 trustees for 21 years 4. charity, economics, and defense 5. Yamacraw Bluff 6. Savannah

Summary Writing – Which individual or group had the most impact to either make the colony a success or a failure? Why?