PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

Properties of Matter Chemists use characteristic properties to tell substances apart and to separate them Some properties define a group of substances

Types of Properties Extensive- depend on the amount of matter Ex: volume, mass, amount of energy Intensive- do not depend on the amount Ex: density, boiling point, ability to conduct

Physical Properties A physical property can be observed with the senses and can be determined without changing the identity of the substance.

Physical Property:MASS Measures the amount of matter Example: The mass is 25.4 grams

Physical Property: Volume Measure of the amount of space an object or liquid takes up The volume of the liquid is 53 mL. The volume of the solid is: Length x Width x Height = Volume 5cm x 1cm x 2cm = 10cm3.

Melting Point or Boiling Point Physical Property A thermometer is used to measure the melting or boiling point of a substance. The boiling point of water is 100°C.

COLOR Physical Property The color of the sphere is red.

Length Physical Property The length of the comb is 41.6 cm.

Density Physical Property Solids are more dense than liquids which are more dense than gases. Density is found by the formula: Density = mass/volume Density is used to identify substances. Small or larger pieces have the same density.

State or Phase Solid Liquid Gas Plasma

Chemical Properties A chemical property indicates how a substance reacts with something else. When a chemical property is observed, the original substance is changed into a different substance.

Decomposes Chemical Property Water (H2O) breaks down into hydrogen (H2) and oxygen (O2) gas when electricity is used.

Flammable, Combustible, Explosive Chemical Property Gasoline is flammable and combines with oxygen to burn.

Nonreactive Chemical Property Helium will not react readily with other substances

Corrosive Chemical property A corrosive substance is one that will destroy or irreversibly damage a substance, including living tissue, by chemical action. Strong acids and bases are corrosive.

Oxidation Chemical Property Combines with oxygen to form a new substance Example: rusting of pipes; iron combines with oxygen to form iron oxide (rust)

Physical vs. Chemical Properties Classify the following properties as either (a) Chemical or (b) Physical Blue color Density = 2.7 g/mL Flammability Solubility (ability to dissolve)

Physical vs. Chemical Properties 5. Reacts with acid to form hydrogen 6. Supports combustion 7. Has a bitter taste 8. Melting point = 2.2⁰C 9. Reacts with water to form a gas 10. Reacts with a base to form water 11. Hardness

Physical vs. Chemical Properties 12. Boiling point = 100⁰C 13. Can neutralize a base 14. Luster 15. Odor is like rotten eggs

Physical vs. Chemical Properties 1. P 9. C 2. P 10. C 3. C 11. P 4. P 12. P 5. C 13. C 6. C 14. P 7. P 15. P 8. P

Intensive or Extensive Physical Property Classify the following properties of water as intensive or extensive. Liquid at room temperature Boiling point - 100°C Mass of 50 grams Density = 1g/mL Will not conduct electricity Volume of 30mL Which properties above would help most to identify water?

Intensive or Extensive Physical Property Classify the following properties of water as intensive or extensive. Liquid at room temperature Intensive Boiling point - 100°C Intensive Mass of 50 grams Extensive Density = 1g/mL Intensive Will not conduct electricity Intensive Volume of 30mL Extensive Which properties above would help most to identify water? Boiling point and Density