International & global trends Skills & migration International & global trends Skills Anticipation : from a mechanic process to a creative and collaborative process A couple of words for ETF: EU agency having as mandate to make TVET a valid pathway for economic and social development and social cohesion in the countries of the EU Neighbourhood. We see TVET in a LLL perspective covering not only education and training for young people as a preparation for the economically active life. But also including all training opportunities that enhance and upgrade the skills of adults.
European training foundation The ETF helps transition and developing countries to harness the potential of their human capital through the reform of education, training and labour market systems in the context of the EU’s external relations policies. UN: ‘a person who moves to a country other than that of his or her usual residence for a period of at least a year, irrespective of the causes and the means used to migrate’ European training foundation
ETF partner countries
‘a person who moves to a country other than that of his or her usual residence for a period of at least a year, irrespective of the causes and the means used to migrate’ UN: ‘a person who moves to a country other than that of his or her usual residence for a period of at least a year, irrespective of the causes and the means used to migrate’ MIGRANTS A DEFINITION UNITED NATIONS
MIGRANTS WHAT TYPES? VOLUNTARY MIGRANTS FORCED MIGRANTS TEMPORARY MIGRANTS Voluntary migration: e.g. economic/labour migrants, international students, family unification Forced migration: e.g. people in need of protection, asylum-seekers, refugees, ‘guests’, etc. ‘Temporary’ or ‘seasonal’ migration: labour movements for less than a year (except tourism and business trips) ‘Regular’ versus ‘irregular’ (or illegal) migration, with extreme form of ‘human trafficking’ MIGRANTS WHAT TYPES? ILLEGAL MIGRANTS
MIGRANTS WHY DO THEY LEAVE? increasing disparities human rights abuses poverty political turmoil armed conflict problems of governance and rule of law violence inequality increasing disparities between developing and developed nations economic hardship discrimination Root causes of migration’: a long list of all unmet development and security challenges in source countries e.g. poverty, economic hardships, absence of jobs/ prospects, unemployment/ low wages, armed conflict, violence, social strife, political turmoil, prosecution, inequality, discrimination, corruption, human right abuses, problems of governance and rule of law, lack of freedoms, increasing disparities between developing and developed nations unemployment/low wages lack of freedom corruption MIGRANTS WHY DO THEY LEAVE? prosecution social strife absence of jobs/prospects
244 20 41% more than 2000 million million MIGRANTS how many? People living somewhere other than where they were born 244 million Number of refugees The persons living in a country other than where they were born: 244 million in 2015, including 20 million refugees – 41% increase since 2000 Information sources: UN Population Division, World Bank, OECD, Eurostat, national statistics, etc. 20 million MIGRANTS how many? 41% more than 2000
MIGRANTS are not the same! age Gender & health background education Work experience Age of migrants – e.g. children, youth, adults, elderly Sex (females/ males), and health status of migrants (disability) Socio-economic background – poor/rich family, low/high social capital Education/ skill levels – e.g. unskilled, low-skilled, medium-skilled, high skilled Occupation and work experience: diverse sectors/ professions Locality/ region/ country of origin – rural/ urban, different regions Entry status of migrants – e.g. labour migrants, asylum-seekers, family members, seasonal workers, irregular migrants Each group has different needs, no one-size-fits-all policy origin MIGRANTS are not the same! Entry status
MIGRANTS initiatives& regulations UN Geneva Convention of Refugees (1951): definitions of refugees and asylum-seekers ILO Convention No. 97 on “Migration for Employment Convention” (1949, ratified and revised) ILO Convention No. 143 on “Migrant Workers (Supplementary Provisions)” (1975, ratified) UN: Declaration of the 2013 High-Level Dialogue on International Migration and Development UN: New York Declaration for Refugees and Migrants (19/09/2016) by 193 MSs at the UN General Assembly UN 2018 Conference on International Migration: ‘Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration’, and ‘Global Compact for Refugees’ UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development: SDG 10.7 (well-managed migration policies), SDG 8, 16, 11 Global Forum on Migration & Development (GFMD): an informal, non-binding, voluntary and government-led process of UN member states, co-chaired by Germany and Morocco in 2017-2018 IOM: the UN Migration Agency since 2016 – its Global Migration Data Analysis Centre in Berlin ILO Labour migration branch: fair recruitment, decent work for immigrants and refugees, good practices database EU: Global Approach to Migration and Mobility (GAMM) 2011: 4 pillars of legal migration, preventing illegal migration, migration& development, international protection EU Mobility Partnerships signed with: Moldova (2008), Georgia (2009), Armenia (2011), Azerbaijan (2013), Morocco (2013), Tunisia (2014), Jordan (2014), Belarus (2016), Lebanon (negotiations ongoing). ETF: support for the human capital development and labour market policies in the partner countries from the lenses of migration EU Directive 2005 on the recognition of professional qualifications EU Directive 2009 on the entry and residence of third-country nationals for the purposes of highly-qualified employment (Blue Card) European Qualifications Framework (EQF) and Europass EU Directive 2014 on the conditions of entry and stay of third-country nationals for the purpose of employment as seasonal workers EU Directive 2014 on the conditions of entry and residence of third-country nationals in the framework of an intra-corporate transfer EU Directive 2016 on the entry and residence of third-country nationals for the purposes of research, studies, training, voluntary service, pupil exchange schemes or educational projects EU Skills Profile Tool for Third Country Nationals, 2017 MIGRANTS initiatives& regulations
Entrepreneurship pilots Good practice Support projects Fast-track insertion Vocational training UN Geneva Convention of Refugees (1951): definitions of refugees and asylum-seekers ILO Convention No. 97 on “Migration for Employment Convention” (1949, ratified and revised) ILO Convention No. 143 on “Migrant Workers (Supplementary Provisions)” (1975, ratified) UN: Declaration of the 2013 High-Level Dialogue on International Migration and Development UN: New York Declaration for Refugees and Migrants (19/09/2016) by 193 MSs at the UN General Assembly UN 2018 Conference on International Migration: ‘Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration’, and ‘Global Compact for Refugees’ UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development: SDG 10.7 (well-managed migration policies), SDG 8, 16, 11 Global Forum on Migration & Development (GFMD): an informal, non-binding, voluntary and government-led process of UN member states, co-chaired by Germany and Morocco in 2017-2018 IOM: the UN Migration Agency since 2016 – its Global Migration Data Analysis Centre in Berlin ILO Labour migration branch: fair recruitment, decent work for immigrants and refugees, good practices database EU: Global Approach to Migration and Mobility (GAMM) 2011: 4 pillars of legal migration, preventing illegal migration, migration& development, international protection EU Mobility Partnerships signed with: Moldova (2008), Georgia (2009), Armenia (2011), Azerbaijan (2013), Morocco (2013), Tunisia (2014), Jordan (2014), Belarus (2016), Lebanon (negotiations ongoing). ETF: support for the human capital development and labour market policies in the partner countries from the lenses of migration EU Directive 2005 on the recognition of professional qualifications EU Directive 2009 on the entry and residence of third-country nationals for the purposes of highly-qualified employment (Blue Card) European Qualifications Framework (EQF) and Europass EU Directive 2014 on the conditions of entry and stay of third-country nationals for the purpose of employment as seasonal workers EU Directive 2014 on the conditions of entry and residence of third-country nationals in the framework of an intra-corporate transfer EU Directive 2016 on the entry and residence of third-country nationals for the purposes of research, studies, training, voluntary service, pupil exchange schemes or educational projects EU Skills Profile Tool for Third Country Nationals, 2017 Entrepreneurship pilots MIGRANTS in the eu New skills agenda
before during after 3 phase cycle Preparations Cultural orientation Skills recognition/ validation Vocational training Language training Skills recognition/ validation Job and skills matching Guidance and counselling Vocational training Language training Reintegration in the labour market Vocational training Entrepreneurship Skills recognition/ validation Qualifications recognition/ validation BEFORE MIGRATION (potential emigrants/ potential immigrants): preparations, cultural orientation, skills recognition/validation, VET and language training DURING MIGRATION (current emigrants/ current immigrants): skills recognition/ validation, job and skills-matching, guidance and counselling, VET and language training AFTER MIGRATION (returnees): reintegration of returnees in the labour market, VET, entrepreneurship, recognition/validation of skills/ qualifications 3 phase cycle
MIGRANTS support in EU Assessment of skills and qualifications education and training Orientation/introduction programmes Voluntary migration: e.g. economic/labour migrants, international students, family unification Forced migration: e.g. people in need of protection, asylum-seekers, refugees, ‘guests’, etc. ‘Temporary’ or ‘seasonal’ migration: labour movements for less than a year (except tourism and business trips) ‘Regular’ versus ‘irregular’ (or illegal) migration, with extreme form of ‘human trafficking’ Guidance and counselling MIGRANTS support in EU Job mediation services
MIGRANTS recognising qualifications Lisbon Convention on Recognition of Qualifications European Network of National Information Centres on Academic Recognition (ENIC) Voluntary migration: e.g. economic/labour migrants, international students, family unification Forced migration: e.g. people in need of protection, asylum-seekers, refugees, ‘guests’, etc. ‘Temporary’ or ‘seasonal’ migration: labour movements for less than a year (except tourism and business trips) ‘Regular’ versus ‘irregular’ (or illegal) migration, with extreme form of ‘human trafficking’ Network of National Academic Recognition Information Centres (NARIC) MIGRANTS recognising qualifications
Validating MIGRANTS skills Validation of non-formal and informal learning Identification and documentation / assessment and certification Voluntary migration: e.g. economic/labour migrants, international students, family unification Forced migration: e.g. people in need of protection, asylum-seekers, refugees, ‘guests’, etc. ‘Temporary’ or ‘seasonal’ migration: labour movements for less than a year (except tourism and business trips) ‘Regular’ versus ‘irregular’ (or illegal) migration, with extreme form of ‘human trafficking’ Leading to better integration in the host country Validating MIGRANTS skills