Folic acid protects against experimental prenatal nicotine–induced cardiac injury by decreasing inflammatory changes, serum TNF and COX-2 expression

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Folic acid protects against experimental prenatal nicotine–induced cardiac injury by decreasing inflammatory changes, serum TNF and COX-2 expression Marwa A. Ahmed, Heba M. Kamal, Ahmed M. Taha, Shimaa F. Abd -Allateef Pathophysiology Volume 25, Issue 2, Pages 151-156 (June 2018) DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2018.04.001 Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Serum levels of TAC, NO, LPO, TNF- α in different experimental groups. Data presented as means ± SEM. aSignificantly difference vs the control group (p < 0.05). b Significantly difference vs the nicotine group (p < 0.05). NSNon significantly difference control group. Pathophysiology 2018 25, 151-156DOI: (10.1016/j.pathophys.2018.04.001) Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Longitudinal section in the heart stained with hematoxlyin and eosin from different experimental groups. Control rat group (A; X 400) shows branching and anastomosing cardiac muscle fibers, with central, oval vesicular nuclei and an acidophilic sarcoplasm. Nicotine treated rat group (B &C & D; X400) shows Complete lysis of cardiac myocytes (double arrows) in some areas. Note marked cytoplasmic vacuolation of myocytes (wavy arrows); some of them exhibit peripherally located pyknotic nuclei (arrow heads). Some muscle fibers show loss of striation (asterisks). (C) shows marked congested dilated blood vessels between the cardiac muscle fibers, some muscle fibers show disrupted arrangement. (D) showing interstitial inflammatory cellular infiltration some fibers appear with deeply stained homogenous acidophilic sarcoplasm (tailed arrows). Note peripherally located pyknotic nuclei (arrow head) in some cardiac myocytes. Folic acid treated rat group (E;X400) shows that most of cardiac myocytes appearing normal with central oval vesicular nuclei (arrow heads). Few muscle fibers exhibit loss of striations(asterisk). Note few congested blood vessel (B.V.). Pathophysiology 2018 25, 151-156DOI: (10.1016/j.pathophys.2018.04.001) Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 Longitudinal section in the heart (A; X400) control rat group showing negative immunostaining for COX-2 protein. (B; X400) nicotine treated rat group shows strong immunostaining for COX-2 in the cardiac myocytes,in the pericardium and cardiac myocytes. Folic acid treated rat group (C;X 400) showing negative immunostaining for COX-2 protein. Pathophysiology 2018 25, 151-156DOI: (10.1016/j.pathophys.2018.04.001) Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. Terms and Conditions