Looking at the Urine: The Renaissance of an Unbroken Tradition Garabed Eknoyan, MD  American Journal of Kidney Diseases  Volume 49, Issue 6, Pages 865-872 (June 2007) DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2007.04.003 Copyright © 2007 National Kidney Foundation, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 The Sick Lady, an engraving by W. French (1815-1861), based on The Sick Lady and her Doctor, a painting by Caspar Netscher (1639-1684). (Figure courtesy of Dr Garabed Eknoyan). American Journal of Kidney Diseases 2007 49, 865-872DOI: (10.1053/j.ajkd.2007.04.003) Copyright © 2007 National Kidney Foundation, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 The vessels used to examine the urine, the matula, by uroscopists. Drawing based on figures reproduced in various manuscripts and published woodcuts from the 13th century (A) through 1895 (J, K). American Journal of Kidney Diseases 2007 49, 865-872DOI: (10.1053/j.ajkd.2007.04.003) Copyright © 2007 National Kidney Foundation, Inc. Terms and Conditions