Cellular Respiration Harvesting Chemical Energy ATP 2009-2010

“Burn fuels” to make energy combustion makes heat energy in one step CO2 + H2O + heat fuel (carbohydrates) O2 respiration make ATP (& some heat) in many small steps Movement of hydrogen atoms from glucose to water ATP food (carbohydrates) O2 36 ATP + CO2 + H2O (+ heat)

Adenosine TriPhosphate What is energy in biology? ATP Adenosine TriPhosphate 2009-2010

Adenosine TriPhosphate Adenosine DiPhosphate Using ATP to do work? ATP to ADP  releases energy ADP to ATP  stores energy ATP Adenosine TriPhosphate releases stores Adenosine DiPhosphate ADP

Harvesting energy stored in food Cellular respiration break down food to produce ATP in mitochondria using oxygen “AEROBIC” usually digest glucose ATP food O2 Movement of hydrogen atoms from glucose to water glucose + oxygen  energy + carbon + water dioxide C6H12O6 6O2 36 ATP 6CO2 6H2O  +

What do we need to make energy? The “Furnace” for making energy mitochondria Fuel food: carbs, fats, proteins Helpers oxygen enzymes Product ATP Waste products carbon dioxide then used by plants water food ATP enzymes CO2 H2O O2

Mitochondria are everywhere!! animal cells plant cells

What if oxygen is missing? No oxygen available = can’t complete aerobic respiration Anaerobic respiration Fermentation alcohol fermentation lactic acid fermentation no oxygen or no mitochondria (bacteria) makes very little ATP large animals cannot survive yeast bacteria

Anaerobic Respiration Fermentation alcohol fermentation yeast glucose  ATP + CO2+ alcohol Used in making beer, wine, bread lactic acid fermentation bacteria, animals glucose  ATP + lactic acid bacteria make yogurt animals feel muscle fatigue