Modeling Introduction to Engineering Design © 2012 Project Lead The Way, Inc.

Modeling The act of representing designs or ideas in various forms in order to present or evaluate a design. Concept Modeling Graphical Modeling Mathematical Modeling Computer Modeling Physical Modeling

Presentation Name Course Name Unit # – Lesson #.# – Lesson Name Concept Modeling Listing or mapping the concepts involved in a design or process under investigation. Example: Designing a Theme Park Perhaps the first step to designing a theme park would be to create a list of the rides, attractions, and facilities that would be included in the design. Easy access to major transportation system Circular pattern of attractions A theme (fairy tale, nations, sports) Access to Emergency Medical facilities Etc. One method of concept modeling is to simply list ideas or concepts.

Concept Modeling Example: Solve Global Warming Presentation Name Course Name Unit # – Lesson #.# – Lesson Name Concept Modeling Example: Solve Global Warming One method of concept modeling is to create a “concept map” that documents ideas.

Presentation Name Course Name Unit # – Lesson #.# – Lesson Name Graphical Modeling Representing information in the form of charts, graphs, maps, or geometric figures. Example: Mapping the Ocean Floor A form of sonar is used by ships to send sound waves to the bottom of the ocean. The time it takes for the sounds waves to return to the ship is recorded. Based on this data and the speed of sound through the water, the depth of the ocean at multiple points can be determined and used to create a contour map of the ocean floor. This map is a Graphical Model of the data.

Graphical Modeling Example: Sketches and Drawings Presentation Name Course Name Unit # – Lesson #.# – Lesson Name Graphical Modeling Example: Sketches and Drawings

Graphical Modeling Example: Graphs and Charts Presentation Name Course Name Unit # – Lesson #.# – Lesson Name Graphical Modeling Example: Graphs and Charts A graph or a chart created to represent information is a form of graphical modeling. Here you see a histogram representing the side lengths of a sample of wooden cubes and a box plot representing the ages of a group of people. On the right a beam diagram representing a beam and loading condition is shown above the corresponding shear and moment diagram that represent the stresses that are imposed on the beam under the given loading condition.

Mathematical Modeling Presentation Name Course Name Unit # – Lesson #.# – Lesson Name Mathematical Modeling Using mathematical equations or geometric representations to predict or model a phenomenon or behavior. Example: Designing a Beverage Container Design a cylindrical beverage container to hold a given volume of liquid. In this case, the equation represents a mathematical model of the volume of a cylinder. V = π r2h

Mathematical Modeling Presentation Name Course Name Unit # – Lesson #.# – Lesson Name Mathematical Modeling Example: Garbage Production in York County By using mathematical calculations, a line-of-best fit can be determined to represent the production of garbage in York County. Note that the graph of the data in a Cartesian plane is also presented and can be considered a graphical model.

Presentation Name Course Name Unit # – Lesson #.# – Lesson Name Computer Modeling Using a computer and software to create a representation of an object or concept. Can include 3D modeling of parts Modeling of structures for structural analysis Modeling of circuits for circuit analysis Modeling of chemical processes to check reactions and byproducts, etc.

Computer Modeling Example: Soap Dish Design (in Inventor) Presentation Name Course Name Unit # – Lesson #.# – Lesson Name Computer Modeling Example: Soap Dish Design (in Inventor)

Computer Modeling Example: Structural Frame Model Presentation Name Course Name Unit # – Lesson #.# – Lesson Name Computer Modeling Example: Structural Frame Model This is a structural model of a two story building. Structural software packages can model a structure, virtually apply a variety of loading conditions, and output the stresses imposed on each structural member.

Computer Modeling Example: Circuit Model Prototype Manufactured Device Presentation Name Course Name Unit # – Lesson #.# – Lesson Name Computer Modeling Example: Circuit Model Prototype Manufactured Device Model

Computer Modeling Example: Computer Aided Manufacturing Presentation Name Course Name Unit # – Lesson #.# – Lesson Name Computer Modeling Example: Computer Aided Manufacturing

Presentation Name Course Name Unit # – Lesson #.# – Lesson Name Physical Modeling Using physical materials to create a representation of an object or concept. Mock-up: An appearance model used to present the general concept of a design Scale Model: A representation of a design that is either larger or smaller than the actual model Prototype: A working model of the actual design

Physical Model Example: Scale Model Presentation Name Course Name Unit # – Lesson #.# – Lesson Name Physical Model Example: Scale Model This is a scale model of a wood-framed playhouse built by CEA students to a scale of ½” = 1’-0”. That ½” on the model represents 1’-0” on a full-scale playhouse.

Physical Model Example: Mock-up Key Chain Automatic Dog Feeder Presentation Name Course Name Unit # – Lesson #.# – Lesson Name Physical Model Example: Mock-up These models are mock-ups because they are not identical to the final design as designed. Mock-ups are used to show the general appearance and intended function; however, they differ from the final design in some aspect such as material or mechanical operation. Key Chain – This is a key chain mock-up built of ABS plastic using a 3D printer. However, the ABS plastic is not an appropriate material for the design due to its low material strength. Automatic Dog Feeder – This mock-up of an automatic dog feeder, although functional, was built to demonstrate the approximate size, shape, and appearance of the design. However, the final design would be manufactured from molded plastic. Key Chain Automatic Dog Feeder

Physical Model Example: Prototype Visible Toaster Presentation Name Course Name Unit # – Lesson #.# – Lesson Name Physical Model Visible Toaster Example: Prototype These models are prototypes created by Engineering Design and Development students. Portable Wind Turbine – This wind turbine was designed to be easily transported in a backpack and assembled on-site to power small electronic devices in areas that do not have access to electricity. This design could be especially helpful in areas recently devastated by natural disasters such as hurricanes and floods where the power supply has been interrupted. Cross Country Training Ski – This training ski provides more effective training by better mimicking the motion of cross country skiing. Visible Toaster – The level of “doneness” indicated on many toasters is arbitrary and non-descriptive. It is often difficult to determine how brown a bagel or piece of bread is while hidden within a toaster, sometimes resulting in under- or over-toasting. The Visible Toaster Design allows the user to monitor the darkness of the toast as it is toasting. Portable Wind Turbine Cross Country Training Ski