Thermal Energy Transfer INSTRUCTED BY MS. SORN

DO NOW: ENERGY TRANSFER IN TEMPERATURE - WEDNESDAY, 3/29 (ALWAYS write the question of your Do Now) Question: What is mass? Answer: The amount of matter in an object. Matter is made out of atoms.

Key vocab 01 1. WORK (n)- The measure of energy transfer of an object over a distance by an external force 2. MECHANICAL (adj)- Of or relating to manual operations 3. CONDUCTOR (n)- Materials that permit electrons to flow freely from particle to particle as they more readily allow heat transfer 4. ELECTRICAL (adj)- Describing a fundamental form of energy created by the movement of electrons (negative charges), protons, or positrons (positive charges) and generating current

READING SET “THERMAL ENERGY TRANSFER” (DO PG. 5) homework READING SET “THERMAL ENERGY TRANSFER” (DO PG. 5) READING SCIENCE: “EXOTHERMIC AND ENDOTHERMIC REACTIONS” (DO PGS. 3-5)

LEARNING TARGET

AGENDA DO NOW 1/ DO NOW II (WRITE HOMEWORK IN PLANNER) RECAP OF COMPREHENSION CHECK REVIEW AND TURN IN HOMEWORK ANY QUESTIONS? GRAPHIC ORGANIZER / NOTEBOOK LESSON CONCEPT ATTAINMENT “SOLO” OPEN-NOTES QUIZ

OBJECTIVE Be able to define thermal energy. Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles of matter. The relationship between the temperature and the total energy of a system depends on the types, states, and amounts of matter present.

Particles move faster with more heat Figure 1. THERMAL ENERGY

WHAT IS HEAT? Heat is thermal energy that is being transferred from one place to another.  All matter is made of tiny particles, much too small to be seen. These particles are always in motion, and motion is a form of energy. An object’s thermal energy equals the total energy of all its moving particles. Heat transfer happens when some of this energy moves from one object to another object.

How does thermal energy transfer? Thermal energy transfers from one substance to another only when there is a temperature difference.  Thermal energy always moves from substances of higher temperatures to substances of lower temperatures. Warm things always transfer thermal energy to cool things causing the cooler temperature to increase. Cool things do not transfer coolness to warm things. Think of this as heat transfer, not cool transfer. Thermal energy will continue to transfer between substances until both reach the same temperature. When there is no longer a temperature difference between substances, thermal energy transfer stops.

Coffee cools down because the coffee’s  heat transfers to surrounding areas with less heat. Figure 2. You already know

THE LAW OF CONSERVATION OF ENERGY Energy is never created and never destroyed; it simply changes form.  Most forms of energy are eventually transformed into thermal energy, which then flows away into nature.  For example, a fire gives off heat as it burns. Eventually, the fire burns itself out. Its energy has not been destroyed, even though we can no longer use it. It has simply been transformed into heat.

What is temperature? Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles in a substance. Any substance with a temperature greater than absolute zero has kinetic energy. emperature is measured with a thermometer. There are three different scales used to measure temperature, Celsius, Kelvin, and Fahrenheit. When a thermometer is used to measure the temperature of a substance that is considered hot, the particles of the substance are moving fast - much faster than when the thermometer measures the temperature of the same substance that is considered cold.