The Late Middle Ages (1194 -1450).

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Presentation transcript:

The Late Middle Ages (1194 -1450)

Three Social Classes Clergy: were in charge of spiritual matters and they were supposed to save your soul Nobility: were the land-owners who played a significant role in government. They were there to protect their subjects. Third Estate: Included everybody that was left. This class included - Middle Class Peasants/Serfs Slaves

Governmental system in which lords ruled over their serfs. The Fuedal System Governmental system in which lords ruled over their serfs. Serfs were basically slaves who had to pay tithes to their lords and were bound to the land. Deteriorated because of loss of labor force due to Crusades and Black Death.

Magna Carta Document that regulated the relationship between the king and his vassals. Signed in 1215 in England by King John. Important because it gave more rights and liberties to the people. Later granted to all English people instead of just magistrates.

Estates General in France was a failure. Parliamentary Bodies Parliament in England started as the King’s Great Council. It was instituted in 1295 by Edward I. House of Lords House of Commons Estates General in France was a failure. Parlement of Paris was the law courts of France and was responsible for many French rebellions in later centuries.

The Black Death A great plague that devastated Europe in the 14th century. It killed 25 to 50% of the total population of Europe and continued to have reoccurrences until the beginning of the 18th Century. It caused many social and economic upheavals. It also caused people to have a morbid preoccupation with death that is apparent in their artwork.

Hundred Years' War 1337-1453. War between France and England. Caused by a power struggle between King Edward III of England and King Philip VI of Spain. Caused massive destruction to the countryside. Ended in very little or no gain for either side. There was no formal treaty that ended it.

The Jacquerie Peasant Revolt in northern France. Began in 1358 and was a result of the destruction caused by the Hundred Years War. Led by Etienne Marcel. Nobles were murdered, houses were burnt, castles were destroyed. Ended when the upper class finally came together and massacred the rebels.

English Peasant's Revolt of 1381 Peasant Revolt in England that was caused by rising expectations of the peasants. The peasants marched on the city of London, demanding an end to serfdom. The King promised to accept their terms if they would just go home, a request that they obliged. After they left, the king broke his word, and rounded up the remaining rebels.

Sums up all intellectual achievements of the age. Dante's Divine Comedy Written in venacular form. Basic Story Symbolic Journey staring Good Friday, 1300 through hell, purgatory, and heaven. Sums up all intellectual achievements of the age.

Universities

Papal bull issued by Pope Boniface VII. Unam Sanctum Papal bull issued by Pope Boniface VII. It stated that the church was above all other governments and reigned supreme in all matters both spiritual and political.

Practices of the Roman Catholic Church Pluralism – the practices of officials holding more than one office in the Church. Nepotism – practice of officials appointing their relatives to offices that they were not qualified or able to perform. Absenteeism – practice of officials not showing up to their appointed offices. Led to lack of efficient clergy work.

Babylonian Captivity of the Church Clement V moved the papacy to Avignon in 1305. Many believed that the papacy was under the control of the French monarchy. This period of time was known as the Babylonian Captivity of the Church. It lasted 72 years until Pope Gregory XI returned to Rome in 1377.

The Great Schism Pope Urban VI was elected because of riots in Rome. A dissenting group of Cardinals ( the French ones) declared his rule null and void and elected Clement VII. This division of the church lasted for 40 years. Eventually in desperation all the cardinals got together and elected a 3rd pope. Finally, the Holy Roman Emperor Sigismond stepped in and convened the Council of Constantine.

Mysticism and Lay Piety Religious movements that occurred in response to the Great Schism. People no longer believed the church so they created their own system of beliefs. Preoccupation with salvation led to a large increase in good works.

The End