Mitten – CSHS AMAZ History – Semester 1 The Colonies Come of Age 1650 – 1765 Chapter 3 Main Points Britain defeats France in North America Tensions grow between Britain and its colonists Colonial slavery becomes entrenched, particularly in the South Mitten – CSHS AMAZ History – Semester 1

Main Idea 3.1 England and its largely self-governing colonies prospered under a mutually beneficial trade relationship. The colonial system of self-governing colonies was the forerunner of our modern system of self-governing states.

England and Its Colonies – Sect. 1 England and Its Colonies Prosper Mercantilism English settlers export raw materials; import manufactured goods Mercantilism – countries must get gold, silver to be self-sufficient. nations concentrated on the balance of trade Favorable balance of trade means more gold coming in than going out The Navigation Acts England sees colonial sales to other countries as economic threat 1651 Parliament passes Navigation Acts: laws that restrict colonial trade

Tensions Emerge Crackdown in Massachusetts The Dominion of New England Some colonists resent Navigation Acts; still smuggle goods abroad In 1684 King Charles revokes charter; creates royal colony The Dominion of New England In 1685, King James II creates Dominion of New England land from southern Maine to New Jersey united into one massive colony to make colony more obedient, Dominion placed under single ruler Governor Sir Edmund Andros antagonizes Puritans, merchants “You have no more privileges left you, than not to be sold for slaves” Edmund Andros

Tensions Emerge The Glorious Revolution King James II unpopular in England; is Catholic, disrespects Parliament Glorious Revolution – Parliament asserts its power over monarch, 1689 Parliament crown Mary (James’s daughter) and William of Orange Massachusetts colonists arrest Governor Andros, royal councilors – bloodless rebellion by colonists Parliament restores separate colonial charters Normalcy returns to business.

England Loosens the Reins 1688 – England & France Compete England expects the colonies to continue exporting raw goods and importing manufactured goods – duty of loyal colonies lax enforcement of colonial laws Salutary Neglect = More Control Smuggling trials in admiralty courts with English judges, no juries Board of Trade has broad powers to monitor colonial trade England’s salutary (beneficial) neglect – does not enforce laws if economic loyalty

Self-Government The Seeds of Self-Government Governor: calls, disbands assembly; appoints judges; oversees trade Colonial assembly influences governor because they pay his salary Colonials still consider themselves British but want self-government