How deep can we go? Part 2

Let’s review…

The deep ocean zone (BENTHIC zone) is the LARGEST sized ocean ____________ by far! Because of crushing pressure, darkness, and its huge size, most of it is unexplored!

The deep ocean zone (BENTHIC zone) is the LARGEST sized ocean ECOSYSTEM by far! Because of crushing pressure, darkness, and its huge size, most of it is unexplored!

A greatest ________ of life exists in the ABYSS! http://news.discovery.com/animals/deep-sea-amoeba-life- 111023.html

A greatest VARIETY of life exists in the ABYSS! http://news.discovery.com/animals/deep-sea-amoeba-life- 111023.html

A greatest VARIETY of life exists in the ABYSS! http://news.discovery.com/animals/deep-sea-amoeba-life- 111023.html

The greatest variety of life exists in the ABYSS! http://news.discovery.com/animals/deep-sea-amoeba-life- 111023.html

Still, the ___________ coast & especially the ___________ continental shelf have lots of ocean life! Especially during _____________! LOTS of GOOEY EDIBLE MUCK…mmmmmm

Still, the INTERTIDAL coast & especially the NERITIC continental shelf have lots of ocean life! Especially during UPWELLING! LOTS of GOOEY EDIBLE MUCK…mmmmmm

The intertidal and neritic zones have lots of life because of the _ _ _ ! The _ _ _ kicks off ______________!

The intertidal and neritic zones have lots of life because of the SUN! The sun kicks off PHOTOSYNTHESIS!

The INTERTIDAL and NERITIC zones still have plenty of life of their own because of the SUN! The sun kicks off PHOTOSYNTHESIS!

With PHOTOSYNTHESIS, most producers (kelp, phytoplankton like _____) can make their OWN _____ food!

With PHOTOSYNTHESIS, most producers (kelp, phytoplankton like algae) can make their OWN sugar food!

Sometimes _____ can run AMOK Sometimes _____ can run AMOK! Usually because of run-off fertilizers from land _____.

Sometimes algae can run AMOK Sometimes algae can run AMOK! Usually because of run-off fertilizers from land farms. eeeeeEUTROPHICATION

Sometimes algae can run AMOK Sometimes algae can run AMOK! Usually because of run-off fertilizers from land farms. eeeeeEUTROPHICATION

But there is no _____ in the deep zone (aka benthic zone).

But there is NO SUN in the deep zone (aka BENTHIC).

WHAT IS THE energy source OF BENTHIC FOOD WEBS? Without the SUN, WHAT IS THE energy source OF BENTHIC FOOD WEBS?

Got any ideas? It can’t get it’s energy from the sun!

How does life start in the ABYSS? CHEMICAL ENERGY ! (not solar energy) http://hubpages.com/education/What-are- Chemosynthetic-Bacteria

How does life start in the ABYSS? CHEMICAL ENERGY ! (not solar energy) HYDROTHERMAL VENTS spew H2S for CHEMOSYNTHESIS!

How does life start in the ABYSS? CHEMICAL ENERGY ! (not solar energy) HYDROTHERMAL VENTS spew H2S for CHEMOSYNTHESIS!

PHOTOSYNTHESIS…

http://hubpages.com/education/What-are-Chemosynthetic-Bacteria DROTHERMAL VENTS spew all sorts of gases for things to live on! Chemosynthetic bacteria use inorganic molecules as a source of energy including ____________ (NH3) , ___________(S) and __________ ____________ ( H2S ). Like their sun-loving photosynthesizers, chemosynthesizers are _____________ because they produce their own food. ____________ ________are located very deep into the ocean where sunlight is unable to penetrate; therefore, the organisms that live at ____________ ______ obtain their energy from the __________ ejected out from the ocean crust. Since the energy from the ____ cannot be used at such depths, the _______ ________ absorbs ___________ _________ (H2S) from the vent and provides it to the bacteria. So, these two living things have a ___________ MUTUALISTIC relationship.

http://hubpages.com/education/What-are-Chemosynthetic-Bacteria DROTHERMAL VENTS spew all sorts of gases for things to live on! Chemosynthetic bacteria use inorganic molecules as a source of energy including AMMONIA (NH3) , SULFUR (S) and HYDROGEN SULFIDE ( H2S ). Like their sun-loving photosynthesizers, chemosynthesizers are PRODUCERS because they produce their own food. HYDROTHERMAL VENTS are located very deep into the ocean where sunlight is unable to penetrate; therefore, the organisms that live at HYDROTHERMAL VENTS obtain their energy from the CHEMICALS ejected out from the ocean crust. Since the energy from the SUN cannot be used at such depths, the TUBE WORMS absorb HYDROGEN SULFIDE (H2S) from the vent and provides it to the bacteria. So, these two living things have a SYMBIOTIC MUTUALISITIC relationship because they help each other

Compare….

Do a VENN DIAGRAM PHOTOSYNTHESIS CHEMOSYNTHESIS Uses SUN for ENERGY! Uses CHEMICALS for ENERGY Absorbs CO2

Compare….

Do a VENN DIAGRAM PHOTOSYNTHESIS CHEMOSYNTHESIS Uses SUN for ENERGY! Produces oxygen (O2) for us to breathe Uses CHEMICALS for ENERGY Produces sulfuric acid, not oxygen Absorbs CO2 Living things produce own food (sugars/ carbs) to live on

Do a VENN DIAGRAM PHOTOSYNTHESIS CHEMOSYNTHESIS Uses SUN for ENERGY! Produces oxygen (O2) for us to breathe Phytoplankton & plants & trees Uses CHEMICALS for ENERGY Produces sulfuric acid, not oxygen Some bacteria & tube worms Absorbs CO2 Living things produce own food (sugars/ carbs) to live on Producers at the base of a food web

Do a VENN DIAGRAM PHOTOSYNTHESIS CHEMOSYNTHESIS Uses CHEMICALS for ENERGY Produces sulfuric acid, not oxygen Some bacteria & tube worms Found around HYDROTHERMAL VENTS at bottom Uses SUN for ENERGY! Produces oxygen (O2) for us to breathe Phytoplankton & plants & trees Absorbs CO2 Living things produce own food (sugars/ carbs) to live on Producers at the base of a food web

end

Life exists even in the ABYSS! HOW? CHEMICAL ENERGY ! (not solar energy) hydrothermal vents, submarine hot springs, and methane seeps; chemosynthetic organisms; dead stuff.

PRESS RELEASE Date Released: Tuesday, July 29, 1997 Source: Pennsylvania State University Methane Ice Worms Hesiocaeca methanicola (larger view) A team of university scientists using a mini research submarine on a NOAA-funded research cruise has discovered, photographed, and sampled what appears to be a new species of centipede-like worms living on and within mounds of methane ice on the floor of the Gulf of Mexico, about 150 miles south of New Orleans. Although scientists had hypothesized that bacteria might colonize methane ice mounds, called gas hydrates, this is the first time animals have been found living in the mounds. The discovery of dense colonies of these one-to-two-inch-long, flat, pinkish worms burrowing into a mushroom-shaped mound of methane seeping up from the sea floor raises speculation that the worms may be a new species with a pervasive and as yet unknown influence on these energy-rich gas deposits.

chemosynthesis vs. photosynthesis http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/edu/learning/player/lesson05/l5ex1.htm