Ch 5 The Cardiovascular System

Overview Heart:cardi/o> Pumps blood into the arteries. Arteries: arteri/o> Transports blood away to all body parts (thick). Capillaries: capill/o> Exchanges nutrients and waste products with cells. Veins: phleb/o, ven/o> Returns blood to the heart (thin). Blood: hem/o, hemat/o> Brings oxygen and nutrients to all cells and carries away waste. Plays several important roles in the immune and endocrine systems.

Arrhythmias: Cardiac arrhythmia- is an irregularity or the loss of normal rhythm of the heartbeat. Bradycardia- is an abnormally slow heartbeat (less than 60 beats per minute). Palpitation- is a pounding of a racing heart with or without irregularity in rhythm. This is associated with certain heart disorders or a panic attack. Tachycardia- is an abnormal fast heartbeat (greater than 100 beats per minute).

Cholesterol Cholesterol- consists of lipids (fatty substances) that travel in the blood in packages called lipoproteins. Low-density lipoproteins (LDL)- bad cholesterol that when in excess clogs the arteries. Your number should be less than 200. High-density lipoproteins- good cholesterol because it carries unneeded cholesterol back to the liver for processing and does not contribute to plaque build up. Your number should be more than 35. Triglycerides- are combinations of fatty acids attached to glycerol that are also found normally in the blood in limited quantities. Your number should be less than 110. Hyperlipidemia- is a general term for elevated plasma concentrations of cholesterol, triglycerides, and lipoproteins. The levels of each of these substances can be measured by a blood test.

Blood Types As Donors and Recipients:

Words Anemia> a disorder characterized by lower than normal levels of red blood cells in the blood Aorta> the main trunk of the arterial system and begins from the left ventricle of the heart Arterioles> the smaller thinner branches of the arteries, carries blood to the capillaries Cardiologist> A specialist in diagnosing and treating abnormalities, diseases, and disorders of the heart Coronary Artery Disease> atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries that may cause a heart attack Erythrocytes> red blood cells Bradycardia> an abnormally slow heartbeat Phlebitis> inflammation of veins Superior vena cava> brings blood from the upper portion of the body Thrombosis> an abnormal condition in which a blood clot develops within a blood vessel

Ch 5 Terms aort/o aorta ary pertaining to ateri/o artery brady- slow cardi/o- heart emia- blood, blood condition erythr/o red phleb/o vein supra above, upper, excessive thromb/o clot

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