AP World History Journal 1/29 Briefly explain the significance of the following people: John Locke- Baron De Montesquieu (Charles De Secondat)- Jean Jacques Rousseau Due in 5 minutes

Gold-Salt Trade Berbers SALT GOLD

Important African Empires Ghana Mali Songhay Crash Course

Songhay Empire 1400’s-1591 Islamic Empire Controlled the trans-Saharan Trade Routes Timbuktu was an important trading center but also a cultural center Muslims emperors encouraged the building mosques and schools to teach Islam

Swahili-Speaking Areas of E. Africa SWAHILI [“the coast’] = Bantu + some Arabic

Timbuktu-”Heavenly Clay”

Timbuktu Rooftop, Mosque

The Triangle Trade

Slave Trade in the Congo

Slave Ship Plan 4-6 week journey involves horrific conditions for captured Africans. Approximately 4 million die on journey Slave Trade

Onboard the Slave Ship

Slave Ship Interior

Slaves at Work in a Mine

Slave With Iron Muzzle

African Captives Thrown Overboard Sharks followed the slave ships across the Atlantic!

Slave Master Brands

Inspection and Sale

Slave Auction in the Southern U. S.

African Slave Export per Year

Arab Slave Traders

“Black” Gold for Sale! Triangular trade brings 12 million slaves to Americas between 15th to 18th centuries.

“Coffin” Position: Onboard a Slave Ship

First Slave Auction New Amsterdam (Dutch New York City - 17c)

30 Lashes

Whipped Slave, early 19c

Impact of the Slave Trade 12 million people brought to the Americas Distorted sex ratios resulting in polygamy and forced women to take on men’s duties Fostered violence & conflict between African people

Resistance to Slavery Queen Nzinga (Ndongo)- led a spirited resistance against the Portuguese Olaudah Equiano- Haitian Revolution-

Olaudah Equiano (1745-1797) 1789  wrote and published, The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa the African.

Abolitionist Symbol, 19c

African states, 1500-1650

African Diaspora African rituals and beliefs: ritual drumming, animal sacrifice, magic, and sorcery Okra and rice brought to Americas (Gumbo) Creole languages emerged ( African & European language

Syncretic Religions Voodoo Antonian Movement