Today’s Objectives I will define and classify two types of metabolism: photosynthesis and cellular respiration I will compare and contrast photosynthesis and cellular respiration

Warm-Up Define metabolism and name two important types of metabolism.

Metabolism – all of the chemical reactions in a cell Chapter 8 Cellular Energy Metabolism – all of the chemical reactions in a cell Photosynthesis—light energy from the Sun is converted to chemical energy for use by the cell Cellular respiration—organic molecules are broken down to release energy for use by the cell

Prior- Knowledge Which law of thermodynamics describes how energy is conserved (not created or destroyed)?

Laws of Thermodynamics Chapter 8 Cellular Energy Laws of Thermodynamics First law—energy cannot be created nor destroyed. Derived from the law of conservation of energy. Second law—energy cannot be converted without the loss of usable energy. Example: When consumers convert chemical energy into kinetic energy, some energy is loss as heat to the environment but NOT destroyed.

Warm-Up What is ATP and how is used to create energy?

ATP: The Unit of Cellular Energy Chapter 8 Cellular Energy ATP: The Unit of Cellular Energy ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) has usable energy stored in the phosphate tail releases energy when the bond between the second and third phosphate groups is broken

Chapter 8 Cellular Energy Photosynthesis Photosynthesis = process by which producers use the energy of the sun to make food Stores energy in chemical bonds sunlight (radiant energy) is converted to chemical energy Occurs in the chloroplasts

Photosynthesis The Chemical Reaction Chapter 8 Cellular Energy Photosynthesis The Chemical Reaction Carbon dioxide and water are the reactants Glucose and oxygen are the products Carbon Dioxide + Water  Glucose + Oxygen

Photosynthesis Two Phases of Photosynthesis Light-Dependent Reactions Chapter 8 Cellular Energy Photosynthesis Two Phases of Photosynthesis Light-Dependent Reactions Light-Independent Reactions or Dark Reactions

Photosynthesis Light Dependent Reactions Chapter 8 Cellular Energy Photosynthesis Light Dependent Reactions Chlorophyll is the green pigment in plants What happens: Cholorophyll absorbs light energy from the sun Light energy energizes or excites electrons in chlorophyll Enzymes transfer the energized (excited) electrons to ATP

Photosynthesis Light Independent Reactions Chapter 8 Cellular Energy Photosynthesis Light Independent Reactions These are also called the Dark Reactions What happens: ATP from the light-dependent reactions is used to convert water and carbon dioxide into glucose and oxygen

Chapter 8 Cellular Energy Cellular Respiration Cellular Respiration = process by which consumers obtain energy from the chemical bonds in food Chemical bonds (found in organic molecules like sugar) are broken down to release energy (ATP) Chemical energy is converted to kinetic energy and heat Occurs in the mitochondria

Cellular Respiration The Chemical Reaction Chapter 8 Cellular Energy Cellular Respiration The Chemical Reaction The reverse of photosynthesis Glucose and oxygen are the reactants Carbon Dioxide and Water are the products Glucose + Oxygen  Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy

Comparing Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Chapter 8 Cellular Energy Comparing Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Process Reactants Products Energy Involved Photosynthesis carbon dioxide, water glucose, oxygen input of radiant energy (sunlight) Cellular Respiration release of chemical energy (ATP)

Review

In which metabolic process are molecules Chapter 8 Cellular Energy Wrap-Up (Oct. 24) In which metabolic process are molecules broken down to produce carbon dioxide and water? photosynthesis cellular respiration homeostasis fermentation

Where in the plant cell does photosynthesis take place? Chapter 8 Cellular Energy Wrap-Up (Oct. 24) Where in the plant cell does photosynthesis take place? chloroplasts Golgi apparatus mitochondria vacuoles

What is the overall purpose of cellular respiration? Chapter 8 Cellular Energy Wrap-Up (Oct. 24) What is the overall purpose of cellular respiration? to make ATP to process H2O to store glucose to deliver oxygen

Photosynthesis converts light energy to Chapter 8 Cellular Energy Wrap-Up (Oct. 24) Photosynthesis converts light energy to stored chemical energy. What form of chemical energy is used in cellular respiration? glucose oxygen chlorophyll carbon