Reproductive systems Human reproduction possible due to sex hormones (found in male testicles and female ovaries) which tells those organs to produce gametes Sex hormones begin at puberty

At puberty your pituitary glands start releasing sex hormones Male (testosterone) Females (proesterone, estrogen) Puberty also leads to physical changes (pubic hair, larynx(boys), breasts)

Male reproductive organs produce spermatozoa Scrotum (pouch which contains testicles) Testicles (contain seminiferous tubles) Seminiferous tubles (produce gametes) Vas deferens (enter/exit channel for spermatozoa) Urethra (exit for semen/urine)

Female reproductive organs produce ova Ovaries ( release one ovum every 28 days) Follicles (each contain a single ovum) Fallopian tubes (sends ovum to uterus) Uterus ( hollow organ which holds the ovum if fertilized) Vagina ( exit for baby)

Menstrual cycle The menstrual cycle causes changes to the female reproductive organs The lining of the uterus thickens to help the zygote implant in the uterus and begin its development

Pregnancy When one sperm cell succeeds in fertilizing the ovum Implants in the uterus Zygote takes shape into embryoblast External cells of the zygote will form plancenta (carries nutrients/oxygen to fetus) Embryoblast becomes embryo After 8 weeks embryo becomes fetus

STIs Two types: Viral (cause by a virus) Bacterial (cause by bacteria)

Bacterial infections Syphilis: Starts off as painless sores if untreated can lead to cardiac problems, damage to nervous system, and eventually death. Gonorrhea: Symptoms appears a few days after infection. Burning sensation during urination, thick yellow discharge from penis, painful and/or swollen testicles. Chlamydia: Symptoms appear a few weeks after infection. Similar to gonorrhea.

Viral STIs Hepatitis B, C: Early symptoms include loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, jaundice. Can cause permanent liver damage. HIV: Renders immune system ineffective. Genital herpes: Early symptoms begin as tingling sensation on or around genital area. Eventually become painful blisters and ulcers. Oral herpes: Cold sores.

Contraceptives Protect against pregnancy, not all STIs Examples: The pill (female contraceptive) Condom Diaphragm