FOG 5 Unit 16 Gerunds p. 270.

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FOG 5 Unit 16 Gerunds p. 270

Gerund as Subject Gerund (subject) Verb Object Kayaking involves some risks. Swimming builds endurance. Not inviting him will cause resentment.

Gerund as object Subject Verb Gerund (object) They enjoy kayaking. I went swimming. We don’t advise not inviting him.

Gerund as subject complement Verb Gerund (subject complement) My sport is skiing. His problem not exercising.

Gerund as object complement Subject Verb Object Gerund (object complement) He spends time reading. She found him not working.

Gerund as object of a preposition She insists on going out every weekend. He’s accustomed to giving parties. They have a reason for not inviting Michael.

Possessive + gerund Possessive Gerund Bob and Helen worry about Emily’s her the children’s their having so few friends.

Active and passive gerunds Active gerunds Passive gerunds Simple Inviting them to her wedding was a nice gesture on her part. Being invited to her wedding was a great surprise to them. Past Having invited them to her wedding made her feel good. Having been invited to her wedding is a fond memory for them.