Welcome to Social Studies 8 Mr. Stump Pine Grove Area Middle School Pine Grove, PA

Welcome! Social Studies 8 – U.S. History to 1901 Textbook – Glencoe’s “The American Journey” Chapter 1 “First Americans” through Chapter 18 “The Western Frontier” Major Topics: American Revolutionary War, Declaration of Independence, U.S. Constitution, U.S. Civil War, The American Presidency, Civics & Government in America Assignments & Notes Posted on PGASD.com & Sapphire Grades Updated Regularly

Chapter 1 Vocabulary NOMAD – a person who moves from place to place CIVILIZATION – a highly developed society ARCHAEOLOGY – the study of ancient peoples

MIGRATION – a movement of a large number of people into a new homeland ARTIFACTS – things left behind by early peoples, such as stone tools PUEBLO – a village of stone dwellings built by the Anasazi

THEOCRACY – a society ruled by religious leaders ADOBE – a type of sun-dried mud brick FEDERATION – a government linking different groups

CARBON DATING – a scientific method to find out how old an artifact is ICE AGE – a period of extremely cold temperatures when part of the planet's surface was covered with massive ice sheets HIEROGLYPHICS – pictures or symbols that are used to represent words, sounds, or concepts

Chapter 1 Notes The land bridge that once joined Asia and the Americas is called Beringia. An early form of corn was maize. The Native American civilization that developed in the rain forests of present-day Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, and Honduras was the Maya.

Tenochtitlán was the capital city of the Aztecs. The empire of the Inca was the largest of the early American civilizations. The area known as the Four Corners was home to the Anasazi.

The largest settlement of the Mound Builders was Cahokia. The Inuit settled in the northernmost parts of North America, in the lands around the Arctic Ocean. The peoples of the Southwest built their homes out of a type of sun- dried mud brick called adobe. The Onondaga, Seneca, Mohawk, Oneida, and Cayuga made up the Iroquois League.

Contact Mr. Ron Stump rstump@pgasd.com (570) 345-2731, ext. 327