Manifest Destiny AP US History

Election of 1844 James K Polk (D) v. Henry Clay (W) Issue: Expansion: Texas, Oregon, California Polk wins! Sorry Clay…

James K. Polk, Inaugural Address, March 1845 Manifest Destiny James K. Polk, Inaugural Address, March 1845 "...It is confidently believed that our system may be safely extended to the utmost bounds of our territorial limits, and that as it shall be extended  the bonds of our Union, so far from being weakened, will become stronger..."

Manifest Destiny James L. O’Sullivan, 1848 “And that claim is by the right of our manifest destiny to overspread and to possess the whole of the continent which Providence has given us for the development of the great experiment of liberty and federated self-government entrusted to us.”

Manifest Destiny

American Progress – John Gast

American Progress – Emanuel Leutze

Practice Writing Discuss the context for the following prompt (Era, Theme, Specific): 1) Evaluate the extent to which westward expansion fostered controversy over slavery in the period 1803-1854.

Manifest Destiny Books You are writing a children’s book about Manifest Destiny. You should explain how the US was involved in each area summarizing: Who, What, Where, Why, & Outcomes Use specifics Each page will have words (in full sentences) and a visual. 1 - Title Page 5 – Causes of Mex Am War 2 – Louisiana 6 – Results of the Mex Am War 3 – Texas 7 – Asian Trade 4 – Oregon 8 – Gadsden Purchase

Louisiana Purchase – 1803 Why Desired: New Orleans, land for farmers, control of the Mississippi River How Acquired: purchased for $15 million from France Outcomes: Jefferson changes his interpretation, Lewis and Clark explore, US grows significantly

Texas (CC #17 1:34-4:02) Texas was part of Mexico American Settlement (1820s/1830s) Mexican “infringement” on American “rights” Revolution (1835-1836) Independence (1836-1845) Annexation Requests/Rejections - Slavery Annexation (1845) Polk’s Election 1844/Added under Tyler Border Disputes

Oregon 1818-1846 1846 Agreement – Oregon Treaty Joint Occupation w/ England -1818 Oregon Fever Polk in 1844 – add Oregon Debate over the boundary 49th Parallel or 54 40 1846 Agreement – Oregon Treaty

Causes of Mex-Am War 1845-46 Polk’s Goal - 1845 Pacific Access – Desire for California Attempts to Purchase ($30 million) Mexico refuses to meet Texas Rivers Dispute Instigation of war? Whig resistance Spot Resolutions – Abe Lincoln War Declaration

Mexican American War 1846-1848 (CC #17 4:02-8:08) War Victory Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo All or some of Mexico? $15 M land/$3.25 M land claims Treaty Debate – Senate (38-14) Wilmot Proviso Passes House of Reps, defeated in Senate Slavery controversy California

Treaty of Wanghia (1845): opens up formal trade relations with China Trade with Asia Treaty of Wanghia (1845): opens up formal trade relations with China Treaty of Kanagawa (1854): opens up formal relations with Japan (Commodore Perry)

Gadsden Purchase - 1853

Manifest Destiny Review - Argumentation Finish the following statements with the person sitting next to you. Manifest Destiny was a betrayal of America’s basic ideals because… Manifest Destiny was a great achievement for America because…

Manifest Destiny Causes Results Most Important Cause? Most Important Result?

Texas Revolution

River Disputes (Nueces v. Rio Grande)

Joint Occupation of Oregon

Oregon Trail

Oregon Treaty

California

Spot Resolutions

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

Wilmot Proviso

California Discovery of gold in the late 1840s led to many people moving to California to strike it rich – strong feelings of white superiority were evident in California society Hispanics: Given citizenship in Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo White Americans systematically reduced the land holdings of the Californios through legal and economic pressure and illegal squatting Native Americans: White Americans took land, repudiated land treaties, enslaved or killed Natives Asian Americans: Large numbers of Chinese arrived to work in mining Americans were nativist and discriminatory, pushed for banning Asian immigration White Settlers: Very difficult life in the mining towns, most stay out west

Horace Greeley, May 12, 1846 From the New York Tribune: “We can easily defeat the armies of Mexico, slaughter them by thousands, and pursue them perhaps to their capital; we can conquer and "annex" their territory; but what then? Have the histories of the ruin of Greek and Roman liberty consequent on such extensions of empire by the sword no lesson for us? Who believes that a score of victories over Mexico, the "annexation" of half her provinces, will give us more Liberty, a purer Morality, a more prosperous Industry, than we now have? ... Is not Life miserable enough, comes not Death soon enough, without resort to the hideous enginery of War?”