The Role of Women and the United Nations Lesson 3.5

What Roles/Jobs Did Women Have During World War I? Nurses Artists Ambulance drivers Factory workers

Complete TLS Worksheet 3. 1 Complete TLS Worksheet 3.1.9 – Women at War Using the information from earlier in the course and p.160-161 of the textbook Was the role played by women in World War II more important, or less important than the role played by men? Explain your answer. What are some places you could add to your map?

The League of Nations What was the League of Nations? Why was it formed? How successful was it?

The United Nations What is the United Nations?

Could the United Nations succeed where the League of Nations had failed? After World War I the Allies created the League of Nations to prevent similar wars. But the League failed, and in 1939, the World was at war again. After World War II, many nations came together to try again to create an international organization dedicated to peace. The United Nations was born.

The United Nations Emerges The horrors of World War II drove nations to try to find a better way of settling differences. The United Nations really began in August 1941, when British prime minister Winston Churchill secretly met Franklin Delano Roosevelt, president of the United States, aboard a battleship in Placentia Bay, Newfoundland.

The United Nations Emerges They prepared the Atlantic Charter, a written agreement stating that: the Allies were not fighting the war to gain territory people have the right to choose their own government countries should co-operate on trade issues no single country can control the oceans an international organization should protect smaller countries

The United Nations Emerges In January 1942, 24 other countries, including Canada, adopted the Atlantic Charter. Over the next three years, many other countries also signed on. During these years, China, Britain, the US, and the Soviet Union worked out plans to create an effective world peacekeeping organization. These plans became the basis of the charter of the United Nations. The charter was officially adopted by all member countries in October 1945.

The United Nations Emerges An important difference between the League of Nations and the United Nations was the membership of the United States. The United States had never joined the League of Nations, but it was a founding member of the United Nations' The UN charter opens with these words: “We the peoples of the United Nations, determined to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war, which twice in our lifetime has brought untold sorrow to mankind” Canada was a member and very strong supporter of the United Nations from the beginning and has since played a vital role in the organization’s successes.

The United Nations Emerges The United Nations headquarters in New York City was officially opened on January 9, 1951 The site is owned by the United Nations and is an international territory No American official may enter this territory without the agreement of the secretary- general, who heads the UN

Universal Declaration of Human Rights The first major challenge of the United Nations was to develop a charter of rights for everyone in the world. UN officials turned to Canadian John Peters Humphrey, a law professor, to write the first draft. The final version was officially adopted by the UN on December 10, 1948.

Universal Declaration of Human Rights The Universal Declaration of Human Rights is not a law that every country must follow; rather, it is the document that countries use as a guide when they create their own laws. This document says that every human being has the same basic rights in life. Complete TLS Worksheet 3.1.12 What are some places you can add to your map?