People and the Planet- Topic 1 Population Dynamics 1.2 How far can population change and migration be managed sustainably? 1.2a) Different policies attempt to manage change to achieve sustainable levels of population

What do these diagrams show about population? Make a quick sketch copy of each diagram optimum population over- population Under- population

The balance of population Under each diagram, define the terms under, over and optimum population The balance of population When the people and resources of a country are equally balanced this is known as OPTIMUM POPULATION – this is the SUSTAINABLE ideal population that all governments try to achieve When population outweighs resources (not enough resources for people) there is OVER POPULATION- this can lead to many problems like lack of suitable housing, lack of food, lack of services, lack of jobs When there are more resources than the population of a country requires, this is known as UNDER POPULATION- this brings its own problems- inability to provide all necessary services, as no-one there to provide them, BUT also there are not enough people to exploit all the resources

Birth Rate Death rate Natural increase We have already learnt that population changes through numbers of births and deaths, known as The difference between the birth rate and the death rate is called Birth Rate Death rate Natural increase

How else can populations change? Let’s think about ways other than NATURAL INCREASE a population could increase or decrease Some ways- IMMIGRATION- people coming into a country from another country EMIGRATION- People moving out of a country to another country The process of moving from place to place is called MIGRATION If a countries population gets too big or to small then the government has to act to control the population by controlling the factors that change it, i.e. birth and death rate and migration rates

How can populations be controlled? If a population gets too big it could be a result of 2 factors- too much immigration into that country OR the birth rate is too high/ death rate is falling As humans we cannot rely try to control a population by increasing the death rate as that would be rather inhumane, so a government has to Reduce immigration Reduce the birth rate If a population gets too small and there are not enough workers, this will due to Over emigration (too many people leaving the country) Lack of immigrants (country cannot attract people to it) Birth rate is too low (women are having too few children) If these occur governments need to Increase the birth rate Encourage immigration Reduce emigration

Population Policies Any measure taken by a government to influence the population of a country is known as a POPULATION POLICY When attempting to control the natural increase in population of a country, by controlling the birth rate there are 2 approaches PRO- NATALIST- These policies encourage people to have more children ANTI-NATALIST- Policy to encourage people to have fewer children Some countries have issues with populations but do not have a strict policy implemented this approach is known as LASSEZ FAIRE (RELAXED)

The famous example- China and their 1 child policy- What do we know? In your book make notes on this- What’s the 1 child policy? When did it happen? Why did China have this? Did it reduce the population?

Group work Include detail about the following countries- Sweden Singapore Estonia China India Iran UK Produce an annotated world map that shows the population policies of various countries- You must include information about Why the country needed a policy and when it was implemented and by whom Is the policy pro/ anti- natalist OR lassez faire? What steps does the policy take to increase or decrease the birth rate? What impacts or possible impacts both positive and negative could occur as a result of the policy Overall how do you think countries should best control their populations? Do you think forcing or persuading works best? Is it right to interfere with nature?

POPULATION POLICIES