Zimbabwe Economic Development – some data which will hopefully generate questions and ideas for our meetings

Geographic Location

GDP data

Economic Freedom Score – Heritage Organisation - USA

Some important numbers Exports $1,520,000,000.00 [127th of 189] GDP $5,010,452,000.00 [122nd of 203] GDP > Real growth rate -5.5% [187th of 198] GINI index 50.1 [10th of 40] Gross National Income $6,164,300,000.00[93rd of 0] Human Development Index 0.505[146th of 0]

Broadband users Broadband subscribers 10,185 [80th of 117] Hosts 19,157 [95th of 228] International Internet bandwidth > Mbps 51 Mbps [61st of 167] Internet Service Providers 6[101st of 229] ISP 6 [81st of 162] Live journal users 600[40th of 226] Price basket for Internet > US$ per month 24.58 $/month [78th of 180] Secure Internet servers 3 [148th of 183] Users 1,351,000 [66th of 190]

Education Average years of schooling of adults 5.4[59th of 100] Children out of school, primary 429,275 [21st of 126] Duration of compulsory education 7 years[125th of 171] Duration of education > Primary level 7[5th of 181] Duration of education > Secondary level 6[76th of 181] Education spending (% of GDP) 4.7%[65th of 132] Education, primary completion rate 80 [105th of 148]

Education Enrolment ratio > Secondary level 40.4%[98th of 135] Female teachers > Lower secondary 37.4%[20th of 20] Geographical aptitude results 54.913[190th of 191] Hours of instruction for pupils aged 13 1,375 hours[2nd of 38] Hours of instruction for pupils aged 9 753 hours[26th of 38] Library books 100,590[69th of 81] Literacy > Male 94.2% [69th of 156] Literacy > Total population 90.7% [79th of 160] Public spending per student > Primary level 13.2[69th of 126] Pupil-teacher ratio, primary 38.56 [26th of 159] Spending on teaching materials 1.3[20th of 30] Teaching weeks per year > Primary 39 weeks per year[18th of 36] Tertiary enrolment 3.9%[117th of 151]

Some more data Income distribution > Poorest 10% 2%[81st of 114] Income distribution > Richest 10% 40.4%[19th of 114] Population below poverty line 80% [2nd of 46] Population under $1 a day 36[15th of 59] Poverty > Share of all poor people 0.41 % of world's poor[25th of 80] Public debt 218.2 % of GDP [1st of 121] Technological achievement 0.22[54th of 68]

Just where do we start? The distribution of income in most developing countries is highly unequal, more than under the mixed economic systems of the developed world. Typically, the poorest two-fifths of the population receive only one eighth of total incomes, and the richest one-fifth receive more than a half of the total. The income of many people living in the developing world is so small that they live in conditions of permanent poverty Most developing countries are marked by much unemployment and underemployment of labour; with perhaps as much as 40% of the workforce under-utilised in some degree. A very high percentage of the population work on the land

Two very different approaches Trickle-down; the theory that urged governments to concentrate on maximising the rate of growth of output in the economy on the assumption that this growth would benefit all major groups in the society.

Whilst others believe in… Bottom up – where resources are concentrated on micro sized projects which then empower the lower income groups to create wealth, infrastructure and eventually revenue for government Perhaps a combination of the two is the best way

Let’s think about Zimbabwe Unified state High level of natural resource Well trained workforce Infrastructure Capital Resources Foreign Direct Investment Inter-Regional Trade Rather a promising list

Some other numbers GDP structure Agriculture: 16.7%, Industry: 21.6%, Services: 61.6% (2007) Labour force distribution -Agriculture: 60%, Services: 9%, Wholesale, Retail, Hotels, Restaurants: ~4%, Manufacturing: 4%, Mining: 3%

More numbers… Exports - USD $1.775 billion (2006 est.) Main exports - Cotton, tobacco, gold, ferroalloys, textiles/clothing Going to - South Africa 36.4%, (China, Japan, Zambia) 7.3% each, Mozambique 4.7%, (US, Botswana, Italy, Germany, Netherlands) 3.6% each Imports - USD $2.059 billion (2005 est.) f.o.b. Consisting of - machinery and transport equipment, other manufactures, chemicals, fuels Coming from - South Africa 43%, China 4.6%, Botswana 3.3%

More numbers - energy Production 8.877 billion kWh Consumption 11.22 billion kWh Exports0 kWh Imports 3.3 billion kWh 9.50% from Democratic Republic of Congo 19.0% from Mozambique 28.5% from Zambia 43.0% from South Africa

GDP

Population Growth