UNIT X – KINGDOM ANIMALIA Big Campbell – Ch 32 - 34, 40, 44, 46, 53 - 55 Baby Campbell – Ch 18, 20, 25, 27, 36, 37 Hillis – Ch 23, Beginning of Chapters 29-40, 42-45

I. ORIGINS OF KINGDOM ANIMALIA

I. ORIGINS OF KINGDOM ANIMALIA, cont

I. ORIGINS OF KINGDOM ANIMALIA, cont

II. INTRODUCTION TO KINGDOM ANIMALIA Shared Characteristics Most have Extracellular Matrix Regulatory Genes for Embryonic Development

III. CLASSIFICATION OF ANIMALS Based on . . . Presence or absence of true tissues Symmetry Development of germ layers Presence of body cavity Embryonic development A. Tissues Metazoa (Parazoa) Eumetazoa

III. CLASSIFICATION OF ANIMALS, cont B. Symmetry Asymmetry Radial Bilateral

III. CLASSIFICATION OF ANIMALS, cont C. Development of Germ Layers

III. CLASSIFICATION OF ANIMALS, cont C. Development of Germ Layers, cont Form various tissues & organs Diploblastic Organisms Most animals are triploblastic

III. CLASSIFICATION OF ANIMALS, cont D. Presence of Body Cavity Only applies to triploblasts Acoelomates Pseudocoelomates “_____________” body cavity Not lined with _____________ Coelomates

III. CLASSIFICATION OF ANIMALS, cont E. Embryonic Development Applies to organisms with bilateral symmetry, primarily coelomates Protostomes Spiral cleavage Determinate Blastopore becomes mouth Mollusks, annelids, arthropods Deuterostomes Radial cleavage Indeterminate Blastopore develops into anus Echinoderms, chordates

III. CLASSIFICATION OF ANIMALS, cont Morphological/Embryonic Classification

III. CLASSIFICATION OF ANIMALS, cont Molecular Classification

III. CLASSIFICATION OF ANIMALS, cont Recent Changes in Animal Phylogeny Based on molecular data including Hox genes, DNA sequences for rRNA, mDNA Bilaterians are subdivided into 3 groups Deuterstomes Ecdysozoans Lophotrochozoans

III. CLASSIFICATION OF ANIMALS, cont

IV. INVERTEBRATES Make up 95% of all animals Most scientists agree on approximately 35 animal phyla 34 of these are made up of invertebrates