rDNA and CLONING

rDNA Stands for recombinant DNA The scientist is “mixing” two different organisms DNA together How is this able to work? Because every organisms DNA is chemically the same Adenine Guanine Cytosine Thymine

rDNA Every living organism uses the same cellular processes of Transcription Translation Protein Synthesis GENE TO PROTEIN Bacteria are very simple cells- easy to manipulate

Figure 13-9 Making Recombinant DNA Section 13-3 Gene for human growth hormone Recombinant DNA Gene for human growth hormone DNA recombination Human Cell Sticky ends DNA insertion Bacterial Cell Bacterial chromosome Bacterial cell for containing gene for human growth hormone Plasmid

Flowchart Cloning Section 13-4 A body cell is taken from a donor animal. An egg cell is taken from a donor animal. The nucleus is removed from the egg. The body cell and egg are fused by electric shock. The fused cell begins dividing, becoming an embryo. The embryo is implanted into the uterus of a foster mother. The embryo develops into a cloned animal.

Figure 13-13 Cloning of the First Mammal Section 13-4 A donor cell is taken from a sheep’s udder. Donor Nucleus These two cells are fused using an electric shock. Fused Cell Egg Cell The nucleus of the egg cell is removed. An egg cell is taken from an adult female sheep. The fused cell begins dividing normally. Cloned Lamb Embryo The embryo develops normally into a lamb—Dolly The embryo is placed in the uterus of a foster mother. Foster Mother