Honors 10 Day 4: Understanding Nonfiction Supplies Check, permission slips Registration Outstanding Books Assignment chpt. 1 of Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass Logos and Pathos Persuade the School Board!--Outlining Annotation as a reading technique (Burke 213) “Public Statement from 8 Alabama Clergymen” Complete reading of “Letter from Birmingham Jail” for tomorrow Annotate as you read

Logos: appeal to reason Ethos: appeal to one’s character Rhetorical Proofs Logos: appeal to reason Ethos: appeal to one’s character Pathos: appeal to emotion Emotional, visual, auditory, tactile impact

Logos Logos names the appeal to reason. Aristotle wished that all communication could be transacted only through this appeal, but given the weaknesses of humanity, he laments, we must resort to the use of the other two appeals. The Greek term logos is laden with many more meanings than simply "reason," and is in fact the term used for "oration." The topics of essays we talked about earlier (Narration, Description, Process, Definition, Division / Classification, Compare / Contrast, Cause and Effect) often support Logos http://edsitement.neh.gov/view_lesson_plan.asp?id=598

Logos in Narrative Douglass outlines a topic that he will continue to pursue in much of his writing—the false use of Christianity as a justification of slavery. Return to pages 4, 5: Every year brings with it multitudes of this class of slaves. It was doubtless in consequence… The "curse of Ham" refers to the biblical story in which Ham, seeing his father drunk and naked, refused to turn away as his two brothers did. When Noah awoke, he cursed Ham and his son Canaan, supposedly causing a darker pigmentation in their descendants. This so-called curse has often been wrongly used to justify racism. http://edsitement.neh.gov/view_lesson_plan.asp?id=598

Pathos Pathos names the appeal to emotion. Cicero encouraged the use of pathos at the conclusion of an oration, but emotional appeals are of course more widely viable. Aristotle's Rhetoric contains a great deal of discussion of affecting the emotions, categorizing the kinds of responses of different demographic groups. Thus, we see the close relations between assessment of pathos and of audience. Pathos is also the category by which we can understand the psychological aspects of rhetoric. Criticism of rhetoric tends to focus on the overemphasis of pathos, emotion, at the expense of logos, the message. http://edsitement.neh.gov/view_lesson_plan.asp?id=598

Pathos in the Narrative Description from pages 5, 6: “He was a cruel man…” What do all of the details add up to? http://edsitement.neh.gov/view_lesson_plan.asp?id=598

The traditional outline has three sections: introduction, body, and conclusion. The basic model looks like this: Title Introduction The background The thesis statement Body First major category of support Supporting detail Second major category of support Third major category of support Conclusion Review of the major categories of support The answer, solution, or final option http://depts.gallaudet.edu/englishworks/writing/outline.html 

Alcohol Testing for Mass Transportation Employees Example Alcohol Testing for Mass Transportation Employees Congress mandates testing for transportation employees Background on why Explanation of new policy How and why alcohol testing is used Circumstances for Alcohol Testing Pre-employment Post-accident Reasonable suspicion Random Return to duty/follow-up testing Method of Alcohol Testing Blood Urine Breath Performance Options for Alcohol Abusers Retesting Treatment Termination of employment Conclusion http://depts.gallaudet.edu/englishworks/writing/outline.html 

Annotation We annotate mentally as a part of our reading process; marginal annotation helps us keep track of those ideas or read for specific content: Coding the text—using symbols to mark ideas Revealing patterns with underlining or margin notes Underlining meaningful passages “Publishing” annotations by showing them to others.