Two Modern Systems of Classification Taxonamy Classification systems are created by humans and therefore may be flawed. As is true of everything in science, classification systems are subject to change as new information arises. 1700’s – Plantae, Animalia Late 1800’s – Protista, Plantae, Animalia. 1950’s –Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae & Animalia. 1990’s Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae & Animalia.

Six Kingdom System A. Recognition of two broad types of bacteria drove the acceptance of a newer 6 kingdom system. B. Six Kingdoms 1. Archaebacteria 2. Eubacteria 3. Protista 4. Fungi 5. Plantae 6. Animalia

2. Kingdom Archaebacteria ( Monera) A 2. Kingdom Archaebacteria ( Monera) A. Unicellular, prokaryotes , cell membrane and microscopic. B. Some are autotrophic and produce food by chemosynthesis. C. Waste products include flammable gases (ex. Methane). D. Live in harsh environments such as sulfurous hot springs, very salty lakes and anaerobic environments (intestines of mammals) . E. Reproduce by binary fission, short generation time, 30 minutes.

HOT SPRINGS Intestines SALT MARSHES

3. Kingdom Eubacteria( Monera) A 3. Kingdom Eubacteria( Monera) A. Unicellular, prokaryotes and microscopic. B. These are the bacteria that affect your life. 1. Cause tooth decay 2. Turn milk into yogurt 3. Causes food poisoning C. Most species are aerobic, some are anaerobic. D. Reproduce by binary fission, short generation time of 30 minutes.

4. Kingdom Protista – was once classified with plants A 4. Kingdom Protista – was once classified with plants A. Eukaryotic, autotrophs, heterotrophs, unicellular, multicellular and microscopic. 1. ex. Euglena B. Some species exist as multicellular. 1. ex, Giant kelp 2. Multicellular protists lack specialized tissues. 3. They have a true nucleus with linear chromosomes and membrane bound organelles.

C. Kingdom protista contains all eukaryotes that are not plants, animals, or fungi. D. Sexual cycles of many protists are unknown but most are thought to have some process of genetic recombination. E. Most common types 1. Euglena 2. Amoebas

Paramecium

5. Kingdom Fungi A. Heterotrophic ,unicellular and multicellular eukaryotic organisms. B. Fungi absorb nutrients rather than ingesting them. C. Sexual cycles are not known for many fungi. D. There are over 100,000 species of fungi, including mushrooms, puffballs, rusts, smuts, mildews and molds.

6. Kingdom Plantae A. Multicellular plants, photosynthetic. B 6. Kingdom Plantae A. Multicellular plants, photosynthetic. B. Autotrophic and use photosynthesis as a source of energy 1. exceptions – few parasitic forms C. Most plants live on land and a sexual cycle based on meiosis D. More than 350,000 plants have been identified, includes mosses, ferns, conifers, and flowering plants

7. Kingdom Animalia A. Eukaryotic, multicellular heterotrophic organisms B. Most animals have a symmetrical body organization and move about in their environment C. Almost all animals have a standard sexual cycle that uses meiosis for the recombination of genes

Monera Monera in the 50”s was named first to represent all the types of bacteria alive. Since then Archea and Eubacteria have split off of the Monera group and have formed their own groups because of bacteria difference.

9. Three Domain System - these systems are larger than a Kingdom A 9. Three Domain System - these systems are larger than a Kingdom A. Domain Archaea is the kingdom Archaebacteria. B. Domain Bacteria is the kingdom Eubacteria. C. Domain Eukarya contains the kingdoms protista, fungi, plants and animals.

DOMAINS